Analytic hierarchy process(AHP)

  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    在造福人类的同时,电子信息技术由于其快速的更新和迭代速度,导致许多电气和电子产品被淘汰。此外,日常生活中的正常使用导致电子产品的磨损,产生了大量的电子垃圾。随着电子产品的增多,电子废物拆解量也逐年增加。因此,准确筛选电子废物过程中产生的优先控制污染物变得非常重要。针对我国电子垃圾拆解污染的现状和监测评价的需要,本研究提出了一种将层次分析和系统聚类方法相结合的筛选模型,并在对电子垃圾拆解评价因子进行分配和评分的基础上,进行了污染物综合评分和聚类分析,以集群结果中最有潜在危险的类别作为优先控制污染物。
    While benefiting mankind, electronic information technology has led to the elimination of many electrical and electronic products due to its rapid update and iteration speed. In addition, the normal use in daily life causes the wear and tear of electronic products, resulting in a large amount of electronic waste. With the increase in electronic products, the amount of electronic waste dismantling has also increased yearly. Therefore, it becomes an important to accurately screen the priority control pollutants generated in e-waste process. In view of the current situation of e-waste dismantling pollution and the needs of monitoring and evaluation in China, this study proposed a screening model that combined analysis at levels and systematic clustering methods and performed a comprehensive score of pollutants and cluster analysis on the basis of assigning and scoring the evaluation factors of e-waste dismantling, taking the most potentially dangerous class in the cluster results as the priority control pollutant.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    传染性皮肤病是由病原微生物引起的一类炎症性皮肤病变。由于方法论的不确定性,皮肤感染模型复制率低,缺乏良好的评价体系。我们旨在建立金黄色葡萄球菌的多指标综合评价方法(S.金黄色葡萄球菌)通过层次分析法(AHP)和德尔菲法建立皮肤感染模型,并通过它筛选高质量的动物模型。
    首先,在文献研究的基础上收集皮肤感染的评价指标。根据层次分析法和德尔菲法确定评价指标的权重。然后选择金黄色葡萄球菌感染的不同溃疡模型(小鼠或大鼠)作为研究对象。
    将评价指标分为四组标准(包括十个子指标),并赋予不同的权重,体征变化(0.0518),皮肤病变外观(0.2934),形态学观察(0.3184),病因检查(0.3364)。通过评价体系,我们筛选发现,圆形伤口和1.0×1010CFU/mL(0.1mL)细菌浓度引起的小鼠溃疡模型的综合评分最高,并发现由1.5cm圆形伤口和1.0×1010CFU/mL(0.2mL)引起的模型可能是最佳的大鼠溃疡模型。
    本研究建立了基于层次分析法和德尔菲法的评价体系,还提供了该系统选择的最佳皮肤溃疡模型,该模型适用于皮肤溃疡的疾病研究和药物开发研究。
    UNASSIGNED: Infectious skin diseases are a type of inflammatory skin lesions caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Because of the uncertainty of methodology, the skin infection model usually have low replication rate and lack of good evaluation system. We aimed to establish multi-index and comprehensive evaluation method for Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) skin-infection models through Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi method, and screen high quality animal models through it.
    UNASSIGNED: Firstly, the evaluation indicators of skin infection were collected basing on literature research. The weight of the evaluation indicators were decided according to AHP and Delphi method. Then different ulcer models (mouse or rat) infected by S. aureus were selected as the research objects.
    UNASSIGNED: The evaluation indicators were classified into four groups of criteria (including ten sub-indicators) and given different weights, physical sign changes (0.0518), skin lesion appearance (0.2934), morphological observation (0.3184), etiological examination (0.3364). Through the evaluation system, we screened and found that the mouse ulcer model which caused by a round wound and 1.0 × 1010 CFU/mL (0.1 mL) bacterial concentration got the highest comprehensive score, and also found that the model which caused by a 1.5 cm-round wound and 1.0 × 1010 CFU/mL (0.2 mL) maybe the best rat ulcer model.
    UNASSIGNED: This study has established an evaluation system based on AHP and Delphi method, also provided the best skin ulcer models selected by this system, the models are suitable for disease research and drug development research of skin ulcer.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    临床专业知识,患者偏好,最好的证据是循证医学的三个要素。基于高水平和高质量的证据,定性和定量分析医生的处方决策有利于提高临床疗效。有成熟的方法体系可供检索,分析,summary,评估,和推荐的证据,但关于医生处方决定的研究仍然很少。如何根据处方的加减优先排序来分析医生的处方决策趋势?层次分析法(AHP)是一种决策方法,将决策问题的要素安排到总体目标中,标准,和操作次级标准,并利用矩阵特征向量法进行求解。本研究旨在基于层次分析法分析医生对气阴两虚型糖尿病的处方决策的优先级。具体而言,建立了气阴两虚型糖尿病病例数据库,并采用层次分析法对中成药处方在特定临床方案中的优先排序。在选定的糖尿病气阴两虚型病例中,消渴丸是治疗2型糖尿病(气阴两虚型)的最佳处方(归一化=0.388),其次是六味地黄丸(归一化=0.269),芪参胶囊(归一化=0.230),和生脉注射液(归一化=0.113)。根据现有数据的分析,2型糖尿病(气阴两虚),消渴丸是特定方案中最有效的处方。当医生的处方决定与证据一致时,医生认知的定量分析将促进循证医学决策。然而,研究结果也受到文献质量的影响,证据级别和优先级,因此,它们有一些局限性。建议进一步开展基于个案的小数据研究,为2型糖尿病的临床决策奠定循证依据。
    Clinical expertise, patient preference, and the best evidence are the three elements of evidence-based medicine. Based on high-level and high-quality evidence, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the prescribing decisions of physicians is beneficial to improving clinical efficacy. A mature methodological system is available for the retrieval, analysis, summary, evaluation, and recommendation of the evidence, but there are still few studies on physicians\' prescribing decisions. How to analyze the trend of physicians\' prescribing decisions based on the priority ranking in addition and subtraction of prescriptions? Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is a method for decision making, which arranges the elements of the decision problem into overall goal, criteria, and operational sub-criteria, and uses the matrix eigenvector method to solve the problem. This study aims to analyze the priority of physicians\' prescribing decisions for diabetes mellitus with deficiency of both Qi and Yin based on AHP. To be specific, a database of diabetes mellitus cases with deficiency of both Qi and Yin was established and AHP was used to yield the priority ranking of Chinese patent medicine prescriptions in specific clinical scenarios. In the selected cases of diabetes mellitus with deficiency of both Qi and Yin, Xiaoke Pills was the best prescription for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(deficiency of both Qi and Yin)(normalized=0.388), followed by Liuwei Dihuang Pills(normalized=0.269), Qishen Capsules(normalized=0.230), and Shengmai Injection(normalized=0.113). According to the analysis the available data, for type 2 diabetes mellitus(deficiency of both Qi and Yin), Xiaoke Pills was the most effective prescription in specific scenarios. When the physicians\' prescribing decisions are consistent with the evidence, quantitative analysis of physicians\' cognition will boost the evidence-based medical decision-making. However, the research results are also affected by the quality of literature, evidence level and priority, which are thus have some limitations. It is recommended that further small data research based on individual cases be carried out to lay a evidence-based basis for the clinical decision-making of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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