在1536年包围意大利北部都灵期间,一位年轻的法国理发师放弃了对战伤的常规治疗,发动军事医学和外科技术革命。AmbroiseParé(1510-1590)出生于拉瓦尔的一个工人阶级Huguenot家庭,法国,在一个时代,当手术不被认为是一个受人尊敬的职业。他出身卑微,是理发师,法国医疗等级中排名较低的职业,成为连续四个法国君主的皇家外科医生(chirurgienordinaireduRoi)。他的创新思想和外科实践是对16世纪欧洲战场上新军事技术创造的环境的回应。火药武器引起的陌生,复杂的损伤挑战帕雷开发新技术和手术器械。尽管Paré对伤口和功能性假体的治疗做出了贡献,需要更深入地了解他在军事神经外科中的作用。本文研究档案,主要文本,以及帕雷的书面陈述,揭示了具体的病人病例,突出了他在苛刻和痛苦的情况下对神经创伤和神经外科的创新贡献,在战场内外,在16世纪的法国。值得注意的是,由于战场头部受伤,钻孔适应症增加,和Paré经常描述这种技术,并改进了trepan工具的设计。他对神经相关主题的贡献是广泛的;有更多的章节专门讨论神经系统比任何其他器官系统在他的纲要,开胃菜。将解剖学知识视为根本重要的,并钦佩AndreasVesalius的当代贡献,Paré自费复制了Vesalius作品中的许多图像。Paré参与军事探险的方式使其能够与多学科工匠在设备上进行合作,包括手术工具和假肢,还讨论了恢复神经相关功能的方法。虔诚的宗教,在充满冒险的生活中,在Galenic教条仍然主导医疗实践的时候,在经常可怕的条件下服役,帕雷在逻辑上享有盛誉,经验主义,技术,和精心的治疗。“我有机会赞美上帝,他在医疗手术中叫我做的事,这通常被称为手术,用黄金或白银买不到的东西,但只有美德和伟大的实验。
During the 1536 siege of Turin in northern Italy, a young French barber-surgeon abandoned the conventional treatment of battle-inflicted wounds, launching a revolution in military medicine and surgical techniques. Ambroise Paré (1510-1590) was born into a working-class Huguenot family in Laval, France, during an era when surgery was not considered a respectable profession. He rose from humble origins as a barber-surgeon, a low-ranked occupation in the French medical hierarchy, to become a royal surgeon (chirurgien ordinaire du Roi) serving 4 consecutive French monarchs. His innovative ideas and surgical practice were a response to the environment created by new military technology on 16th-century European battlefields. Gunpowder weapons caused unfamiliar, complicated injuries that challenged Paré to develop new techniques and surgical instruments. Although Paré\'s contributions to the treatment of wounds and functional prosthetics are documented, a deeper appreciation of his role in military neurosurgery is needed. This paper examines archives, primary texts, and written accounts by Paré that reveal specific patient cases highlighting his innovative contributions to neurotrauma and neurosurgery during demanding and harrowing circumstances, on and off the battlefield, in 16th-century France. Notably, trepanation indications increased because of battlefield head injuries, and Paré frequently described this technique and improved the design of the trepan tool. His contribution to neurologically related topics is extensive; there are more chapters devoted to the nervous system than to any other organ system in his compendium, Oeuvres. Regarding anatomical knowledge as fundamentally important and admiring the contemporary contributions of Andreas Vesalius, Paré reproduced many images from Vesalius\' works at his own great expense. The manner in which Paré\'s participation in military expeditions enabled collaboration with multidisciplinary artisans on devices, including surgical tools and prosthetics, to restore neurologically associated functionality is also discussed. Deeply religious, in a life filled with adventure, and serving in often horrendous conditions during a time when Galenic dogma still dominated medical practice, Paré developed a reputation for logic, empiricism, technology, and careful treatment. \"I have [had] the opportunity to praise God, for what he called me to do in medical operation, which is commonly called surgery, which could not be bought with gold or silver, but by only virtue and great experimentation.\"