背景:作为单细胞真核生物,纤毛虫是微生态系统中不可或缺的组成部分,微生态系统在细菌或藻类与小型动物之间起着中间营养联系的作用。最近的动物学研究揭示了许多新的细毛纤毛虫类群,表明它们的多样性比以前想象的要大。在这里,我们记录了一种未描述的形式,该形式是从华东地区的一个人工微咸水池中分离出来的。检查它的形态,个体发育和分子系统发育表明它代表了一个新物种。
结果:新的微咸水偏斜纤毛虫的形态和形态发生,nantongensis11月。sp.,与南通隔绝,中国,使用活体观察和protargol染色进行了研究。新物种的诊断特征包括三个额叶cirri,一个颊卷云,一个或两个半颊旁的cirri,一个不显眼的前腹cirral排四到六个前腹cirri,来自两个前生蛋白,三个左边和两个右边的边缘行,两个背部活动,具有9-14个双运动学的背运动学1和仅具有两个双运动学的背运动学2,背侧运动1的后端有一到三个尾侧。它的主要形态发生特征是:(i)除了起伏的膜外,旧的口腔器具完全由proter继承,它们在原位重组;(ii)边缘行和左背运动在proter和opisthe中都在腹内发育;(iii)背运动2在背侧产生;(iv)在proter和opisthe中都形成了五个昼夜节律;(v)在proter中,胶原蛋白I和II很可能起源于父母起伏的膜和颊卷云,分别,前颊旁卷云的横排III,anlageIV起源于父母的前腹侧cirri,anlageV起源于最内部的父母右边缘行;(vi)opisthe的生前I-IV均由口服原基产生,从最内层的父母右边缘行开始计算V。进行了基于SSUrRNA基因序列数据的系统发育分析,以确定新分类单元的系统位置。
结论:形态学研究,新的微咸水分类单元的本体形成增加了对该纤毛虫群生物多样性的总体了解。它还增加了现有的遗传数据,并进一步为环境监测和资源调查提供了可靠的参考。
BACKGROUND: As unicellular eukaryotes, ciliates are an indispensable component of micro-ecosystems that play the role of intermediate nutrition link between bacteria or algae and meiofauna. Recent faunistic studies have revealed many new taxa of hypotrich ciliates, indicating their diversity is greater than previously thought. Here we document an undescribed form isolated from an artificial brackish water pond in East China. Examination of its morphology, ontogenesis and molecular phylogeny suggests that it represents a new species.
RESULTS: The morphology and morphogenesis of the new brackish-water deviatid ciliate, Heterodeviata nantongensis nov. sp., isolated from Nantong, China, were investigated using live observations and protargol staining. The diagnostic traits of the new species include three frontal cirri, one buccal cirrus, one or two parabuccal cirri, an inconspicuous frontoventral cirral row of four to six frontoventral cirri derived from two anlagen, three left and two right marginal rows, two dorsal kineties, dorsal kinety 1 with 9-14 dikinetids and dorsal kinety 2 with only two dikinetids, and one to three caudal cirri at the rear end of dorsal kinety 1. Its main morphogenetic features are: (i) the old oral apparatus is completely inherited by the proter except undulating membranes, which are reorganized in situ; (ii) anlagen for marginal rows and the left dorsal kinety develop intrakinetally in both proter and opisthe; (iii) dorsal kinety 2 is generated dorsomarginally; (iv) five cirral anlagen are formed in both proter and opisthe; (v) in the proter, anlagen I and II very likely originate from the parental undulating membranes and the buccal cirrus, respectively, anlage III from anterior parabuccal cirrus, anlage IV originates from the parental frontoventral cirri and anlage V from the innermost parental right marginal row; and (vi) anlagen I-IV of the opisthe are all generated from oral primordium, anlage V from the innermost parental right marginal row. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data were performed to determine the systematic position of the new taxon.
CONCLUSIONS: The study on the morphology, and ontogenesis of a new brackish-water taxon increases the overall knowledge about the biodiversity of this ciliate group. It also adds to the genetic data available and further provides a reliable reference for environmental monitoring and resource investigations.