在中国,野生麝香鹿的数量,属于Moschidae家族,由于人类活动和环境变化,近年来急剧下降。在1990年代,在兴隆山进行了高山麝香鹿的人工繁殖,甘肃省,中国,他们的异地保护被探索了十多年。异地保护有利于扩大动物种群和保持其遗传多样性;然而,它还可以诱发代谢性疾病和寄生虫感染,并降低生殖能力。动物的肠道菌群对宿主能量代谢和免疫调节有相当大的影响,从而在宿主的整体健康和生殖成功中起着至关重要的作用。在这项研究中,通过比较麝香的肠道微生物组根据其起源和迁移的地方的差异,探讨其肠道菌群的变化及其影响因素,为健康状态监测提供理论依据。我们采用16SrRNA高通量测序技术,分析了甘肃高山麝香鹿肠道菌群的结构和多样性(G,原产地)和四川(S,迁移地点)。结果表明,圈养麝鹿肠道微生物组的优势菌和属在产地和迁徙地点相似,但它们的相对丰度存在显著差异(p<0.05)。关于Firmicutes和放线菌,与植物纤维素消化有关,G组的相对丰度高于S组;关于变形杆菌和Verrucomicrobia,这与脂肪和淀粉的摄入有关,S组的相对丰度高于G组;芽孢杆菌和严格梭菌的相对丰度,这与纤维的消化率有关,G组条件致病菌不动杆菌和大肠埃希菌的相对丰度高于G组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。G组麝鹿的ACE和Shannon指数明显高于S组,S组麝鹿的辛普森指数大于G组,说明甘肃麝鹿肠道微生物组的丰度和多样性高于四川。按产地和迁移地比较麝香鹿肠道微生物组的变化表明,麝香鹿食物中植物纤维素含量,浓缩饲料中的脂肪含量,饲养环境的变化对肠道微生物组有影响。有效监测麝鹿的健康和免疫力,对确保其整体健康至关重要,这反过来将有助于制定科学合理的保护管理计划。
In China, the population of wild musk deer, belonging to the family Moschidae, has drastically decreased in recent years owing to human activities and environmental changes. During the 1990s, artificial breeding of Alpine musk deer was conducted in Xinglong Mountain, Gansu Province, China, and their ex situ conservation was explored for over a decade. Ex situ protection is beneficial for expanding the population of animals and maintaining their genetic diversity; however, it can also induce metabolic diseases and parasitic infections and reduce reproductive capacity. The gut microbiota of animals has a considerable impact on host energy metabolism and immune regulation, thereby playing a crucial role in the overall health and reproductive success of the host. In this study, by comparing the differences in the intestinal microbiome of the musk deer according to their place of origin and migration, the changes in their gut microbiota and the influencing factors were explored to provide a theoretical basis for monitoring the health status of the musk deer. We used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the structure and diversity of the gut microbiota of Alpine musk deer in Gansu (G, place of origin) and Sichuan (S, place of migration). The results showed that the dominant bacteria and genera in the intestinal microbiome of captive musk deer were similar in the places of origin and migration, but significant differences were observed in their relative abundance (p < 0.05). Regarding Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, which are related to plant cellulose digestion, the relative abundance in group G was higher than that in group S; regarding Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, which are related to fat and starch intake, the relative abundance in group S was higher than that in group G; the relative abundance of Bacillus and Clostridium sensu stricto, which are related to fiber digestibility, was higher in group G than in group S; the relative abundance of conditional pathogens Acinetobacter and Escherichia-Shigella was higher in group S than in group G. The results of α and β diversity analysis also showed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). The ACE and Shannon indices of musk deer in group G were considerably higher than those in group S, and the Simpson index of musk deer in group S was greater than that in group G, indicating that the abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiome were higher in musk deer of Gansu than those of Sichuan. Comparison of the changes in the intestinal microbiome of the musk deer according to the place of origin and migration showed that the plant cellulose content in the food of the musk deer, the fat content in the concentrated feed, and changes in the feeding environment have an impact on the intestinal microbiome. Effective monitoring of the health and immunity of the musk deer is crucial for ensuring their overall health, which in turn will aid in formulating a scientific and reasonable management plan for their conservation.