BACKGROUND: Clinical and preclinical evidence indicate that in utero maternal asthma exposure increases progeny asthma risk. Whether maternal asthma also increases the risks of progeny allergy is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To synthesise the available evidence on the relationship between in utero exposure to maternal asthma and postnatal asthma, wheezing and allergic diseases (Prospero: CRD42020201538).
METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE [PubMed], Embase [Ovid], Web of Science, Informit Health, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL [EBSCOhost], MedNar [Deep Web Technologies], ProQuest Theses and Dissertations, Scopus [Elsevier] and Trove, to the end of 2023.
METHODS: Studies reporting asthma, wheeze and/or allergic disease in progeny of women with and without asthma or with asthma classified by control, exacerbation or severity.
METHODS: Double screening, selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed, using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoring.
RESULTS: Of 134 non-overlapping studies, 127 were included in ≥1 meta-analysis. Maternal asthma ever was associated with greater risks of asthma (65 studies, risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.76 [1.57-1.96]), wheeze (35 studies, 1.59 [1.52-1.66]), food allergy (5 studies, 1.32 [1.23-1.40]), allergic rhinitis (7 studies, 1.18 [1.06-1.31]) and allergic dermatitis (14 studies, 1.17 [1.11-1.23]) ever in progeny. Asthma during the pregnancy, more severe, and uncontrolled maternal asthma were each associated with greater risks of progeny asthma.
CONCLUSIONS: Children of mothers with asthma are at increased risk for the development of allergic diseases. Whether improved maternal asthma control reduces risks of child allergy as well as asthma requires further investigation.

The prevalence rate of allergic diseases including asthma, atopic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) has been significantly increasing in recent decades due to environmental changes and social developments. With the study of innate lymphoid cells, the crucial role played by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been progressively unveiled in allergic diseases. ILC2s, which are a subset of innate lymphocytes initiate allergic responses. They respond swiftly during the onset of allergic reactions and produce type 2 cytokines, working in conjunction with T helper type 2 (Th2) cells to induce and sustain type 2 immune responses. The role of ILC2s represents an intriguing frontier in immunology; however, the intricate immune mechanisms of ILC2s in allergic responses remain relatively poorly understood. To gain a comphrehensive understanding of the research progress of ILC2, we summarize recent advances in ILC2s biology in pathologic allergic inflammation to inspire novel approaches for managing allergic diseases.

BACKGROUND: Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) enables dose reduction of prednisolone and ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD).
OBJECTIVE: To determine if oral administration of PUFA reduces the dose of oclacitinib in cAD.
METHODS: Twenty-two client-owned dogs with cAD receiving oclacitinib.
METHODS: Dogs received a fish oil product (PUFA) or paraffin oil (placebo) for 16 weeks. Owners adjusted the oclacitinib dose according to daily pruritus assessments. On Day (D)0, D56 and D112, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, fourth iteration (CADESI-04), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), quality-of-life score (QoL), Global Assessment (GA), quality-of-coat (QoC) and adverse events were recorded.
RESULTS: Mean daily oclacitinib dose was significantly reduced in the PUFA group from 0.51 ± 0.20 mg/kg/24 h (D0) to 0.19 ± 0.14 mg/kg/24 h (D85-112; p < 0.00001) and not in the placebo group (D0: 0.70 ± 0.33 mg/kg/24 h; D85-112: 0.53 ± 0.35 mg/kg/24 h, p = 0.5422). CADESI-04 did not change over time or differ between groups. PVAS was significantly lower in the PUFA group (2.8 ± 1.5) compared to placebo (4.2 ± 1.6) at D112 (p = 0.0375). QoL and QoC improved only in the PUFA group (QoL: D0: 20 ± 7, D112: 12 ± 5, p = 0.0057; QoC: D0: 0 ± 0.5, D112: 1 ± 0.5, p = 0.0410). GA on D112 was higher in the PUFA group (p = 0.008). No adverse events were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Oral supplementation of PUFA allowed dose reduction of oclacitinib and improved PVAS, QoL, QoC and GA. The use of PUFA is recommended and was safe in the atopic study dogs receiving oclacitinib.
UNASSIGNED: Die Supplementierung von vielfach‐ungesättigten Fettsäuren (PUFA) ermöglicht eine Dosisreduktion von Prednisolon und Ciclosporin bei der atopischen Dermatitis (cAD) des Hundes. ZIEL: Das Ziel war es festzustellen, ob eine orale Verabreichung von PUFA die Dosis von Oclacitinib bei der cAD reduzieren kann.
UNASSIGNED: Zweiundzwanzig private Hunde mit cAD, welche Oclacitinib erhielten.
UNASSIGNED: Die Hunde erhielten 16 Wochen lang ein Fischölprodukt (PUFA) oder Paraffinöl (Plazebo). Die BesitzerInnen passten die Oclacitinib Dosis entsprechend dem täglich erfassten Juckreiz an. Am Tag (D)0, D56 und D112 wurden der Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent und Severity Index, 4th Auflage (CADESI‐04), die Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), Werte der Lebensqualität (QoL), eine Erfassung des Gesamtzustandes (GA), Fellqualität (QoC) und Nebenwirkungen festgehalten.
UNASSIGNED: In der PUFA‐Gruppe wurden durchschnittliche Oclacitinib Dosen von 0.51 ± 0.20 mg/kg/24 h (D0) auf 0.10 ± 0.14 mg/kg/24 h (D85‐112) signifikant reduziert (p < 0.00001), im Gegensatz zur Plazebo‐Gruppe (D0: 0.70 ± 0.33 mg/kg/24 h; D85‐112: 0.53 ± 0.35 mg/kg/24 h, p = 0.5422). CADESI‐04 änderte sich weder mit der Zeit noch zwischen den Gruppen. PVAS war in der PUFA‐Gruppe (2.8 ± 1.5) im Vergleich zur Plazebo‐Gruppe (4.2 ± 1.6) am D112 signifikant niedriger (p = 0.0375). QoL und QoC verbesserte sich nur in der PUFA‐Gruppe (QoL: D0: 20 ± 7, D112: 12 ± 5, p = 0.0057; QoC: D0 0 ± 0.5, D112: 1 ± 0.5, p = 0.0410). GA war am D112 in der PUFA‐Gruppe höher (p = 0.008). Es wurden keine Nebenwirkungen beobachtet.
UNASSIGNED: Eine orale Supplementierung von PUFA ermöglichte eine Dosisreduktion von Oclacitinib und verbesserte PVAS, QoL, QoC und GA. Der Einsatz von PUFA wird empfohlen und zeigte sich in dieser Studie, bei der atopische Hunde Oclacitinib erhielten, als sicher.
背景: 在犬特应性皮炎(cAD)中，补充多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)可以减少泼尼松和环孢素的剂量。 目的: 确定口服PUFA是否能减少cAD的奥拉替尼剂量。 动物: 22只客户饲养的cAD患犬接受奥拉替尼治疗。 材料和方法: 犬接受鱼油产品(PUFA)或石蜡油(安慰剂)治疗16周。犬主根据每日瘙痒评估调整了奥拉替尼的剂量。在第(D)0天、第D56天和第D112天，记录犬特应性皮炎程度和严重程度指数、第4次迭代(CADESI‐04)、瘙痒视觉模拟量表(PVAS)、生活质量评分(QoL)、总体评估(GA)、被毛质量(QoC)和不良反应。 结果: PUFA组的奥拉替尼日平均剂量从0.51 ± 0.20mg/kg/24小时(D0)显著降低到0.19 ± 0.14mg/kg/24 h (D85‐112) (p < 0.00001)，而安慰剂组则没有(D0:0.70 ± 0.33mg/kg/24；D85‐112:0.53 ± 0.35 mg/kg/24，p = 0.5422)。CADESI‐04没有随着时间的推移而变化，也没有在各组之间出现差异。在D112时，PUFA组的PVAS(2.8 ± 1.5)显著低于安慰剂组(4.2 ± 1.6) (p = 0.0375)。仅PUFA组的生活质量和被毛质量有所改善(生活质量:D0:20 ± 7，D112:12 ± 5，p = 0.0057；被毛质量:DO:0 ± 0.5，D112:1 ± 0.5，p = 0.0410)。PUFA组D112的GA较高(p = 0.008)。未观察到不良反应。 结论: 口服补充PUFA可以减少奥拉替尼的剂量，改善PVAS、生活质量、被毛质量和GA。给接受奥拉替尼的特应性研究犬使用PUFA，值得推荐并且是安全的。.
BACKGROUND: La supplémentation en acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) permet de réduire la dose de prednisolone et de ciclosporine dans la dermatite atopique canine (DAC).
OBJECTIVE: Déterminer si l\'administration orale d\'AGPI réduit la dose d\'oclacitinib dans la DAC.
UNASSIGNED: Vingt‐deux chiens de clients atteints de DAC et recevant de l\'oclacitinib. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Les chiens reçoivent un produit à base d\'huile de poisson (AGPI) ou d\'huile de paraffine (placebo) pendant 16 semaines. Les propriétaires ajustent la dose d\'oclacitinib selon les évaluations quotidiennes du prurit. Au jour (J)0, J56 et J112, le Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04), le prurit Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), le score de qualité de vie (QoL), l\'évaluation globale (GA), la qualité du pelage (QoC) et les effets indésirables sont enregistrés. RÉSULTATS: La dose quotidienne moyenne d\'oclacitinib est significativement réduite dans le groupe AGPI de 0.51 ± 0.20 mg/kg/24 h (J0) à 0.19 ± 0.14 mg/kg/24 h (J85‐112) (p < 0.00001) et non dans le groupe placebo (J0: 0.70 ± 0.33 mg/kg/24 h; J85‐112: 0.53 ± 0.35 mg/kg/24 h, p = 0.5422). Le CADESI‐04 n\'évolue pas dans le temps et ne diffère pas d\'un groupe à l\'autre. Le PVAS est significativement plus bas dans le groupe AGPI (2.8 ± 1.5) comparé au placebo (4.2 ± 1.6) à J112 (p = 0.0375). La QoL et la QoC s\'améliorent uniquement dans le groupe AGPI (QoL: J0: 20 ± 7, J112: 12 ± 5, p = 0.0057; QoC: J0: 0 ± 0.5, J112: 1 ± 0.5, p = 0.0410). Le GA à J112 est plus élevé dans le groupe AGPI (p = 0.008). Aucun événement indésirable n\'est observé.
CONCLUSIONS: La supplémentation orale en AGPI permet de réduire la dose d\'oclacitinib et d\'améliorer le PVAS, la QoL, la QoC et l\'GA. L\'utilisation d\'AGPI est recommandée et s\'avère sûre chez les chiens atopiques de l’étude recevant de l\'oclacitinib.
背景: 犬アトピー性皮膚炎(cAD)において、多価不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)を補充することにより、プレドニゾロンおよびシクロスポリンの減量が可能となる。 目的: 本研究の目的は、多価不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)の経口投与により、犬アトピー性皮膚炎(cAD)におけるオクラシチニブの投与量が減少するかどうかを検討することであった。 対象動物: オクラシチニブを投与されているcADに罹患したオーナー所有犬22頭。 材料と方法: 犬には魚油製品(PUFA)またはパラフィン油(プラセボ)が16週間投与された。飼い主は毎日の掻痒の評価に従ってオクラシチニブの用量を調節した。Day(D)0、D56およびD112において、犬アトピー性皮膚炎重症度指数第4版(CADESI‐04)、掻痒の視覚的アナログスケール(PVAS)、QOLスコア(QoL)、Global Assessment(GA)、Quality‐of‐coat(QoC)および有害事象を記録した。 結果: オクラシチニブの1日平均投与量は、PUFA群で0.51 ± 0.20 mg/kg/24 h(D0)から0.19 ± 0.14 mg/kg/24 h(D85‐112)に有意に減少したが(p < 0.00001)、プラセボ群では減少しなかった(D0:0.70 ± 0.33mg/kg/24 h、D85‐112:0.53 ± 0.35mg/kg/24 h、p=0.5422)。CADESI‐04に経時的変化や群間差はみられなかった。PVASはD112でプラセボ群(4.2 ± 1.6)に比べPUFA群(2.8 ± 1.5)で有意に低かった(p = 0.0375)。QoLとQoCはPUFA群でのみ改善した(QoL:D0:20 ± 7、D112:12 ± 5、p = 0.0057；QoC: QoL:D0:0 ± 0.5、D112:1 ± 0.5、p = 0.0410)。D112でのGA値はPUFA群で高かった(p = 0.008)。有害事象は観察されなかった。 結論: PUFAの経口補充はオクラシチニブの減量を可能にし、PVAS、QoL、QoC、GAを改善した。PUFAの使用は推奨されるものであり、オクラシチニブ投与中のアトピー性疾患犬においても安全であった。.
UNASSIGNED: A suplementação de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFA) permite a redução da dose de prednisolona e ciclosporina na dermatite atópica canina (DAC).
OBJECTIVE: Determinar se a administração oral de PUFA reduz a dose de oclacitinib na DAC.
UNASSIGNED: Vinte e dois cães de propriedade de clientes com DAC recebendo oclacitinib. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os cães receberam um produto de óleo de peixe (PUFA) ou óleo de parafina (placebo) durante 16 semanas. Os proprietários ajustaram a dose de oclacitinib de acordo com as avaliações diárias de prurido. No Dia (D)0, D56 e D112, Índice de Extensão e Gravidade da Dermatite Atópica Canina, 4ª iteração (CADESI‐04), Escala Visual Analógica de prurido (PVAS), pontuação de qualidade de vida (QV), Avaliação Global (GA), qualidade da pelagem (QoC) e eventos adversos foram registrados.
RESULTS: A dose média diária de oclacitinib foi significativamente reduzida no grupde 0.51 ± 0.20 mg/kg/24 h (D0) para 0.19 ± 0.14 mg/kg/24 h (D85‐112) (p < 0.00001) e não no grupo placebo (D0: 0.70 ± 0.33 mg/kg/24 h; D85–112: 0.53 ± 0.35mg/kg/24 h, p = 0.5422). O CADESI‐04 não mudou ao longo do tempo nem diferiu entre os grupos. O PVAS foi significativamente menor no grupo PUFA (2.8 ± 1.5) em comparação ao placebo (4.2 ± 1.6) no D112 (p = 0.0375). A QV e QoC melhoraram apenas no grupo PUFA (QV: D0: 20 ± 7, D112: 12 ± 5, p = 0.0057; QoC: D0: 0 ± 0.5, D112: 1 ± 0.5, p = 0.0410). A IG no D112 foi maior no grupo PUFA (p = 0.008). Nenhum evento adverso foi observado. CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação oral com PUFA permitiu a redução da dose de oclacitinib, melhorou o PVAS, a QV, a QoC e a IG. O uso de PUFA é recomendado e foi seguro nos cães atópicos do estudo que receberam oclacitinib.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la suplementación con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA) permite reducir la dosis de prednisolona y ciclosporina en la dermatitis atópica canina (cAD). OBJETIVO: Determinar si la administración oral de PUFA reduce la dosis de oclacitinib en la cAD ANIMALES: Veintidós perros propiedad de clientes con AD que recibían oclacitinib. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Los perros recibieron un producto de aceite de pescado (PUFA) o aceite de parafina (placebo) durante 16 semanas. Los propietarios ajustaron la dosis de oclacitinib según las evaluaciones diarias del prurito. En los días (D) 0, D56 y D112 se anotaron: índice de extensión y gravedad de la dermatitis atópica canina, cuarta revisión (CADESI‐04), escala análoga visual de prurito (PVAS), puntuación de calidad de vida (QoL), evaluación global (GA), calidad del pelaje (QoC) y los eventos adversos. RESULTADOS: La dosis media diaria de oclacitinib se redujo significativamente en el grupo de PUFA de 0.51 ± 0.20 mg/kg/24 h (D0) a 0.19 ± 0.14 mg/kg/24 h (D85‐112) (p < 0.00001) y no en el grupo con placebo (D0: 0.70 ± 0.33 mg/kg/24 h; D85‐112: 0.53 ± 0.35 mg/kg/24 h, p = 0.5422). CADESI‐04 no cambió con el tiempo ni difirió entre los grupos. PVAS fue significativamente menor en el grupo de PUFA (2.8 ± 1.5) en comparación con el placebo (4.2 ± 1.6) en el D112 (p = 0.0375). La calidad de vida y la calidad del pelaje mejoraron solo en el grupo de PUFA (QoL: D0: 20 ± 7, D112: 12 ± 5, p = 0.0057; QoC: D0: 0 ± 0.5, D112: 1 ± 0.5, p = 0.0410). La GA en D112 fue mayor en el grupo de PUFA (p = 0.008). No se observaron eventos adversos. CONCLUSIÓN: La suplementación oral con PUFA permitió reducir la dosis de oclacitinib y mejorar PVAS, QoL, QoC y GA. Se recomienda el uso de PUFA cuya administración fue segura en los perros del estudio atópicos que recibieron oclacitinib.

BACKGROUND: Complicated treatments for skin disease are linked to owner-caregiver burden and poorer perception of the veterinarian-client relationship, regardless of disease severity.
OBJECTIVE: Using experimental vignettes, we explored the impact on owner perception of the interaction of treatment complexity and skin disease outcomes. We hypothesised that: (i) vignette conditions involving injection therapy would result in lower burden, better veterinary-client relationship and greater satisfaction relative to multimodal therapy conditions; (ii) the vignette condition of injection therapy with a completely effective outcome would be superior to all other conditions; (iii) ineffective vignette conditions would be inferior to all other conditions; and (iv) the vignette condition injection with a mostly effective outcome would be similar or superior to the multimodal therapy with a completely effective outcome condition.
METHODS: Three hundred and nine owners of pruritic dogs recruited from a general veterinary practice, pet-related podcast, or social media dog allergy group.
METHODS: Participants were presented with six counterbalanced online vignettes representing three levels of treatment effectiveness (Completely Effective, Mostly Effective, Ineffective) and two treatment regimens (Multimodal, Injection). Measurements of participant perceptions of caregiver burden, veterinarian-client relationship and satisfaction were recorded.
RESULTS: Injection with perfect outcome was superior to other conditions (p < 0.001). Conditions with poor effectiveness were inferior (p < 0.001). Comparison of Injection with a mostly effective outcome to Multimodal treatment with perfect outcome yielded small-to-medium effects of preference for the latter in veterinarian-client relationship and satisfaction (p < 0.01); no difference was observed for caregiver burden. When good effectiveness was assured, injection was preferred (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Owners preferred a Completely Effective outcome and were prepared to select the Injection regimen or Multimodal therapy to achieve this; Injection was preferred when effectiveness was assured.
背景: 无论疾病的严重程度如何，复杂的皮肤病治疗都与主人照顾者的负担和对兽医-宠主关系的较差认知有关。 假设/目标: 使用短暂疗法实验，我们探讨了治疗复杂性和皮肤病结果相互作用对所有者感知的影响。我们假设:(i)与多模式疗法相比，涉及注射治疗的短暂疗法可带来更低的负担、更好的兽医-宠主关系和更高的满意度；(ii)具有完全有效结果的短暂注射疗法更有优越；(iii)无效的短暂疗法将劣于所有疗法；和(iv)具有最有效结果的短暂注射将类似于或优于具有完全有效的多模式疗法。 参与者: 从普通兽医诊所、宠物相关播客或社交媒体犬过敏小组招募的309名私家犬主人。 材料和方法: 向参与者展示了六个相平衡的在线短暂疗法，代表三种治疗有效性水平(完全有效、大部分有效、无效)和两种疗法(多模式、注射)。记录参与者对护理人员负担、兽医-宠主关系和满意度的感知。 结果: 完全有效的注射优于其他疗法(p<0.001)。效果不佳的疗法较差(p<001)。将近乎有效的注射疗法与完全有效的多模式治疗进行比较，在兽医-宠主关系和满意度方面，对后者的偏好产生了小到中等的影响(p<0.01)；在宠主负担方面没有观察到差异。在保证良好疗效的情况下，首选注射(p<0.001)。 结论和临床相关性: 宠主更喜欢完全有效的疗法，并准备选择注射方案或多模式治疗来实现这一目标；优选注射。.
BACKGROUND: Les traitements compliqués des maladies de la peau impliquent une charge importante de travail pour le propriétaire et à une altération de la relation vétérinaire-client, quelle que soit la gravité de la maladie. HYPOTHÈSES/OBJECTIFS: À l\'aide de vignettes expérimentales, nous avons étudié l\'impact sur la perception du propriétaire de l\'interaction entre la complexité du traitement et les résultats des maladies de la peau. Nous avons émis l\'hypothèse que : (i) les modalités des vignettes impliquant une thérapie par injection entraîneront une moindre charge, une meilleure relation vétérinaire-client et une plus grande satisfaction par rapport aux conditions de thérapie multimodale ; (ii) la thérapie par injection avec un résultat complètement efficace sera supérieure ; (iii) les vignettes inefficaces seront inférieures à toutes les modalités ; et (iv) l’injection avec un résultat plutôt efficace sera similaire ou supérieure à la thérapie multimodale avec un résultat complètement efficace.
METHODS: Trois cent neuf propriétaires de chiens prurigineux recrutés à partir d\'un cabinet vétérinaire de médecine générale, d\'un podcast sur les animaux de compagnie ou d\'un groupe de médias sociaux sur les allergies canines. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Les participants ont reçu six vignettes en ligne représentant trois niveaux d\'efficacité du traitement (complètement efficace, plutôt efficace, inefficace) et deux schémas de traitement (multimodal, par injection). Les mesures de la perception des participants concernant la charge de travail du soignant, la relation vétérinaire-client et la satisfaction sont enregistrées. RÉSULTATS: L\'injection avec un résultat complètement efficace est supérieure aux autres modalités (p < 0,001). Les conditions d\'efficacité médiocre étaient inférieures (p < 0,001). La comparaison entre l\'injection avec un résultat plutôt efficace et le traitement multimodal avec un résultat parfait révèle des effets faibles à moyens de préférence pour ce dernier dans la relation vétérinaire-client et la satisfaction (p < 0,01) ; aucune différence n\'est observée concernant la charge de travail du soignant. Lorsqu\'une bonne efficacité est assurée, l\'injection est préférée (p < 0,001).
UNASSIGNED: Les propriétaires préfèrent l’obtention d’un résultat totalement efficace et sont prêts à choisir le schéma d\'injection ou la thérapie multimodale pour y parvenir ; l\'injection est préférée.
UNASSIGNED: Komplizierte Behandlungen für Hauterkrankungen sind verknüpft mit einer höheren Pflegebelastung der Betreuer und einer schlechteren Wahrnehmung der Beziehung zwischen TierärztIn und BesitzerIn, egal wie schwer der Krankheitsverlauf ist.
UNASSIGNED: Mittels experimenteller Vignetten untersuchten wir den Einfluss durch die Wahrnehmung des Besitzers auf die Interaktion der Komplexität der Behandlung und auf das Ergebnis der Behandlung der Hauterkrankung. Wir hypothetisierten, dass: (i) die Vignettenbedingungen welche eine Injektionstherapie beinhalteten im Vergleich zu multimodalen Behandlungsbedingungen in einer geringeren Belastung, einer besseren Tierarzt-Klienten Beziehung und einer größeren Zufriedenheit resultieren würden; (ii) die Vignettenbedingungen mit der Injektionstherapie bei völliger Wirksamkeit besser sein würden; (iii) dass unwirksame Vignettenbedingungen allen anderen Zuständen unterlegen sein würden; und (iv) die Vignettenbedingungen mit Injektion mit fast völliger Wirksamkeit ähnlich oder besser sein würden als die multimodale Therapie mit völliger Wirksamkeit.
UNASSIGNED: Dreihundertneun BesitzerInnen von juckenden Hunden wurden in einer veterinärmedizinischen Allgemeinpraxis, durch Heimtier-Podcasts und aus Social Media Allergiegruppen rekrutiert.
UNASSIGNED: Den Teilnehmern wurden sechs ausgeglichene Online-Vignetten vorgestellt, die drei Stufen von Behandlungswirksamkeit (Komplett wirksam, Fast völlig wirksam, Unwirksam) und zwei Behandlungspläne (Multimodal, Injektion) repräsentierten. Das Maß der Wahrnehmung der Teilnehmer in Bezug auf Pflegeaufwand, Tierarzt-Besitzer Beziehung und Zufriedenheit wurden festgehalten.
UNASSIGNED: Injektionen mit perfektem Ausgang schnitten besser ab als alle anderen Optionen (p < 0,001). Die Optionen mit schlechter Wirksamkeit schnitten schlechter ab (p < 0,001). Ein Vergleich der Injektionstherapie mit fast völliger Wirksamkeit zur multimodalen Behandlung mit perfekter Wirksamkeit ergab kleine-bis-mittlere Präferenzwerte für letztere bei der Tierarzt-Besitzer Beziehung und der Zufriedenheit (p < 0,01); es wurde kein Unterschied in Bezug auf die Pflegebelastung festgestellt. Wenn eine gute Wirksamkeit sichergestellt wurde, dann wurde die Injektion bevorzugt (p < 0,001).
UNASSIGNED: Die BesitzerInnen bevorzugten eine Komplette Wirksamkeit und waren bereit, das Injektionsregime oder die Multimodale Therapie auszuwählen, um das zu erreichen; die Injektion wurde bevorzugt.
背景: 皮膚疾患に対する複雑な治療は、疾患の重症度にかかわらず、飼い主の介護負担や獣医師とクライアントの関係に対するより悪い認存と関連している。 仮説/目的: 実験的ビネットを用いて、治療の複雑さと皮膚病の転帰の相互作用が飼い主の認知に与える影響を調査した。以下の仮説を立てた: (i)注射療法を含むビネット条件は、多剤併用療法条件と比較して、負担が少なく、獣医師とクライアントの関係が良好で、満足度が高い。(ii)完全に有効な結果をもたらすビネット条件の注射療法は優れている。(iii)効果のないビネット条件は、すべての条件より劣る。(iv)ほとんど有効な結果をもたらすビネット条件の注射療法は、完全に有効な結果をもたらす多剤併用療法条件と同等か優れている。 参加者: 一般動物病院、ペット関連ポッドキャスト、またはソーシャルメディアの犬アレルギーグループから募集した掻痒を伴う犬の飼い主39名。 材料と方法: 参加者は、治療効果の3つのレベル(完全に効果的、ほとんど効果的、非効果的)と2つの治療レジメ(マルチモーダル、注射)を表す6つの均衡のとれたオンラインビネットを提示された。介護負担、獣医師と患者の関係性、および満足度に関する参加者の認存の測定を記録した。 結果: 完全な結果が得られる注射は他の条件より優れていた(p < 0.001)。効果の乏しい条件は劣っていた(p<0.001)。ほぼ有効な結果が得られる注射と完全な結果が得られる多剤併用療法との比較では、獣医師と患者の関係および満足度において、後者を選好する効果が小~中程度であった(p<0.01)。介護負担について差は認められなかった。良好な効果が保証される場合は、注射が好まれた(p<0.001)。 結論および臨床的意義: 飼い主は完全に有効な結果を好み、それを達成するために注射療法またはマルチモーダルな治療を選択する準備をしたところ、注射療法が好まれた。.
UNASSIGNED: Tratamentos complicados para doenças de pele estão ligados à sobrecarga do cuidador no tutor e à pior percepção da relação veterinário-cliente, independentemente da gravidade da doença. HIPÓTESES/OBJETIVOS: Utilizando vinhetas experimentais, exploramos o impacto da interação entre a complexidade do tratamento e a evolução das doenças de pele na percepção do tutor. Nossa hipótese foi de que: (i) vinhetas envolvendo terapia injetável resultariam em menor sobrecarga, melhor relacionamento veterinário-cliente e maior satisfação em relação às condições de terapia multimodal; (ii) a vinheta incluindo terapia injetável com um resultado completamente eficaz seria superior; (iii) situações de vinheta ineficazes seriam inferiores a todas as condições; e (iv) a vinheta injetável com um resultado quase totalmente eficaz seria semelhante ou superior à terapia multimodal com um resultado completamente eficaz.
UNASSIGNED: Trezentos e nove tutores de cães pruriginosos recrutados em uma clínica veterinária, podcast relacionado a animais de estimação ou grupos de alergia em cães nas redes sociais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os participantes foram apresentados a seis vinhetas online equilibradas representando três níveis de eficácia do tratamento (Completamente Eficaz, Maioritariamente Eficaz, Ineficaz) e dois regimes de tratamento (Multimodal, Injeção). Foram registradas as mensurações das percepções dos participantes sobre a sobrecarga do cuidador, relacionamento veterinário-cliente e satisfação.
RESULTS: A injeção com resultado perfeito foi superior às demais condições (p < 0,001). Condições com baixa efetividade foram inferiores (p < 0,001). A comparação da injeção com resultado majoritariamente eficaz com o tratamento multimodal com resultado perfeito produziu efeitos de preferência pequenos a médios para este último no relacionamento veterinário-cliente e na satisfação (p <0,01); nenhuma diferença foi observada na sobrecarga do cuidador. Quando houve garantia de eficácia, a injeção foi prefereida (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Os tutores preferiram um resultado completamente eficaz e estavam inclinados a selecionar o regime de injeção ou a terapia multimodal necessário para conseguir isso; A injeção foi preferida.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los tratamientos complicados para enfermedades de la piel están unidos a un mayor compromiso de los propietarios o cuidadores y una peor percepción de la relación veterinario-cliente, independientemente de la gravedad de la enfermedad. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: Utilizando escenarios experimentales, exploramos el impacto en la percepción del propietario de la interacción entre la complejidad del tratamiento y los resultados de los mismos en enfermedades de la piel. Nuestra hipótesis fue que: (i) los escenarios que implican terapia inyectable darían como resultado una manor carga, una mejor relación veterinario-cliente y una mayor satisfacción en relación con las condiciones de la terapia multimodal; (ii) la terapia de inyección con un resultado completamente efectivo sería superior; (iii) los escenarios ineficaces serían inferiores en todas las condiciones; y (iv) el escenario de inyección con resultado mayoritariamente eficaz sería similar o superior a la terapia multimodal de resultado completamente eficaz. PARTICIPANTES: Trescientos nueve propietarios de perros con prurito reclutados de una práctica veterinaria general, un podcast relacionado con mascotas o un grupo de alergias caninas en las redes sociales. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: A los participantes se les presentaron seis escenarios vía telemática que representaban tres niveles de efectividad del tratamiento (completamente efectivo, mayoritariamente efectivo, ineficaz) y dos regímenes de tratamiento (multimodal, inyección). Se valoraron las percepciones de los participantes sobre el compromiso del cuidador, la relación veterinario-cliente y la satisfacción. RESULTADOS: La inyección con resultado perfecto fue superior a otras condiciones (p < 0,001). Las condiciones con poca efectividad fueron inferiores (p < 0,001). La comparación de la inyección con un resultado mayoritariamente eficaz con el tratamiento multimodal con un resultado efectivo produjo efectos pequeños a medianos de preferencia por este último en la relación y la satisfacción entre veterinario y cliente (p <0,01); no se observaron diferencias en el compromiso del cuidador. Cuando se aseguró una buena eficacia, se prefirió la terapia de inyección (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: Los propietarios prefirieron un resultado completamente efectivo y estaban preparados para seleccionar el régimen de inyección o la terapia multimodal para lograrlo; la terapia de inyección fue más preferida.

BACKGROUND: Intradermal (IDT) and prick (PT) tests are used to select allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD). However, the use of antipruritic drugs before performing these tests may influence the results.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the drugs oclacitinib and prednisolone on the immediate-phase reactions of IDT and PT.
METHODS: Thirty client-owned dogs with cAD with positive reactions to at least one allergen extract on IDT or PT.
METHODS: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive oclacitinib 0.4-0.58 mg/kg per os, every 12 h (n = 14), or prednisolone 0.37-0.65 mg/kg p.o., every 12 h (n = 16) for 14 days. IDT and PT were performed on Day (D)0 before treatment and on D14.
RESULTS: At D14 there was no significant reduction in the means of the orthogonal diameters of the positive immediate-phase reactions of the IDT (p = 0.064) in the oclacitinib group; however, in the PT, the diameter of the positive reactions reduced significantly (p = 0.048). In both tests, there was no significant reduction in the total number of positive reactions (IDT, p > 0.999; PT, p = 0.735). In the prednisolone group, the means of the orthogonal diameters of positive immediate-phase reactions were significantly reduced in both tests (IDT, p = 0.001; PT, p ≤ 0.001) and there also was a reduction in the total number of positive reactions (IDT, p = 0.022; PT, p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The use of oclacitinib 0.4-0.58 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days does not interfere with IDT results in dogs with cAD. However, oclacitinib may reduce PT reactivity. The use of prednisolone 0.37-0.65 mg/kg twice daily results in a reduction in both IDT and PT results.
背景: 在特应性皮炎(cAD)患犬中，皮内(IDT)和点刺(PT)试验用于选择过敏原进行过敏原特异性免疫治疗。然而，在进行这些测试之前使用止痒药可能会影响结果。 目的: 评价奥拉替尼和泼尼松对IDT和PT速发型超敏反应的影响。 动物: 30只客户饲养的cAD患犬对至少一种IDT或PT过敏原提取物呈阳性反应。 材料和方法: 犬被随机分配接受奥拉替尼0.4-0.58 mg/kg口服，每12小时一次(n=14)，或泼尼松龙0.37-0.65 mg/kg口服，每隔12小时(n=16)，持续14天。IDT和PT在治疗前的第(D)0天和D14天进行。 结果: 在D14时，奥拉替尼组的IDT阳性速发反应的正交直径平均值没有显著降低(p=0.064)；然而，在PT中，阳性反应的直径显著减少(p=0.048)。在这两项测试中，阳性反应的总数没有显著减少(IDT，p>0.999；PT，p=0.735)。在泼尼松组中，阳性速发反应的正交直径的平均值在这两个测试中都显著减少(IDT，p=0.001；PT，p=0.001)，阳性反应总数也有所减少(IDT，p=0.022；PT，p=0.001)。 结论和临床相关性: 在cAD患犬中，每天两次使用0.4-0.58 mg/kg的奥拉替尼，持续14天，不会干扰IDT结果。然而，奥拉替尼可能降低PT反应性。每天两次使用0.37-0.65 mg/kg的泼尼松龙可降低IDT和PT结果。.
BACKGROUND: Les tests intradermiques (IDT) et les prick-tests (PT) sont utilisés pour sélectionner les allergènes en vue d\'une immunothérapie spécifique chez les chiens atteints de dermatite atopique (DAC). Cependant, l\'utilisation de médicaments antiprurigineux avant la réalisation des tests peut interférer avec les résultats.
OBJECTIVE: Évaluer l\'influence de l’oclacitinib et de la prednisolone sur les réactions immédiates des IDT et desPT.
UNASSIGNED: Trente chiens appartenant à des clients, atteints de DAC et présentant des réactions positives à au moins un extrait d\'allergène lors d\'une IDT ou d\'un PT. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Les chiens sont répartis au hasard pour recevoir de l\'oclacitinib à raison de 0,4 à 0,58 mg/kg per os, toutes les 12 heures (n = 14), ou de la prednisolone à raison de 0,37 à 0,65 mg/kg per os, toutes les 12 heures (n = 16) pendant 14 jours. Les IDT et les PT sont réalisés le jour (J)0 avant le traitement et à J14. RÉSULTATS: À J14, il n\'y a pas eu de réduction significative des moyennes des diamètres orthogonaux des réactions positives immédiate des IDT (p = 0,064) dans le groupe oclacitinib ; cependant, dans le PT, le diamètre des réactions positives a diminué de manière significative (p = 0,048). Concernant les deux types de tests, il n\'y a pas de réduction significative du nombre total de réactions positives (IDT, p > 0,999 ; PT, p = 0,735). Dans le groupe prednisolone, les moyennes des diamètres orthogonaux des réactions positives immédiates sont significativement réduites pour les deux tests (IDT, p = 0,001 ; PT, p ≤ 0,001) et il y a également une réduction du nombre total de réactions positives (IDT, p = 0,022 ; PT, p = 0,001).
UNASSIGNED: L\'utilisation de l\'oclacitinib à raison de 0,4-0,58 mg/kg deux fois par jour pendant 14 jours n\'interfère pas avec les résultats des IDT chez les chiens atteints de dermatite atopique. Cependant, l\'oclacitinib peut réduire la réactivité aux PT. L\'utilisation de la prednisolone à raison de 0,37-0,65 mg/kg deux fois par jour entraîne une réduction des résultats des IDT et des PT.
UNASSIGNED: Intradermal (IDT) und Prick (PT) Tests werden eingesetzt, um Allergene für die Allergen-spezifische Immuntherapie bei Hunden mit atopischer Dermatitis (cAD) zu selektieren. Allerdings ist es möglich, dass der Einsatz von Juckreiz-hemmenden Medikamenten vor der Durchführung dieser Tests, die Ergebnisse beeinflussen kann. ZIEL: Eine Evaluierung des Einflusses der Wirkstoffe Oclacitinib und Prednisolon auf die Sofortreaktionen des IDT und PT.
UNASSIGNED: Dreißig Hunde in Privatbesitz mit cAD mit positiven Reaktionen auf zumindest einen Allergenextrakt im IDT oder PT.
UNASSIGNED: Die Hunde wurden zufällig eingeteilt, um 14 Tage lang Oclacitinib 0,4-0,58 mg/kg per os alle 12 h (n = 14) oder Prednisolon 0,37-0,65 mg/kg p.o. alle 12 h (n = 16) zu erhalten. IDT und PT wurden am Tag (D) 0 vor der Behandlung und am D14 durchgeführt.
UNASSIGNED: Am D14 bestand keine signifikante Reduzierung des durchschnittlichen orthogonalen Durchmessers der positiven Sofortreaktion des IDTs (p = 0,064) in der Oclacitinib Gruppe; beim PT war jedoch der Durchmesser der positiven Reaktionen signifikant reduziert (p = 0,048). Bei beiden Tests bestand keine signifikante Reduzierung der Gesamtzahl der positiven Reaktionen (IDT, p > 0,999; PT, p = 0,735). In der Prednisolongruppe war der durchschnittliche orthogonale Durchmesser der positiven Sofortreaktionen bei beiden Tests signifikant reduziert (IDT, p = 0,001; PT, p ≤ 0,001) und es bestand eine Reduzierung der Gesamtzahl der positiven Reaktionen (IDT, p = 0,022; PT, p = 0,001).
UNASSIGNED: Der Einsatz von Oclacitinib bei einer Dosis von 0,4-0,58 mg/kg zweimal täglich für 14 Tage beeinflusst die IDT-Ergebnisse bei Hunden mit cAD nicht. Oclacitinib könnte jedoch die Reaktivität des PT reduzieren. Der Einsatz von Prednisolon bei einer Dosis von 0,37-0,65 mg/kg zweimal täglich bewirkt eine Reduzierung sowohl der IDT wie auch der PT-Ergebnisse.
背景: 犬アトピー性皮膚炎(cAD)のアレルゲン特異的免疫療法のためのアレルゲン選択には、皮内テスト(IDT)やプリックテスト(PT)が用いられる。しかし、これらの検査を実施する前に鎮痒薬を使用することは、検査結果に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。 目的: 本研究の目的は、IDTおよびPTの即時相反応に対するオクラシチニブおよびプレドニゾロンの影響を評価することであった。 対象動物: IDTまたはPTで少なくとも1つのアレルゲンエキスに陽性反応を示したcADの30頭のオーナー所有犬。 材料と方法: オクラシチニブ0.4-0.58mg/kgを12時間ごとに経口投与する群(n = 14)とプレドニゾロン0.37-0.65mg/kgを12時間ごとに経口投与する群(n = 16)に犬を無作為に割り付け、14日間投与した。IDTとPTは治療前のDay(D)0とD14に実施した。 結果: D14では、オクラシチニブ群ではIDTの陽性即時相反応の直交直径の平均値に有意な減少は認められなかった(p = 0.064)が、PTでは陽性反応の直径が有意に減少した(p = 0.048)。両試験とも、陽性反応の総数に有意な減少はみられなかった(IDT、p > 0.999、PT、p = 0.735)。プレドニゾロン投与群では、陽性即時相反応の直交直径の平均値は両検査で有意に減少し(IDT、p = 0.001；PT、p = 0.001)、陽性反応の総数も減少した(IDT、p = 0.022；PT、p = 0.001)。 結論と臨床的妥当性: オクラシチニブ0.4~0.58mg/kgを1日2回、14日間使用することは、cADの犬におけるIDTの結果を阻害しなかった。一方、オクラシチニブはPT反応性を低下させる可能性があった。プレドニゾロン0.37~0.65mg/kgを1日2回使用すると、IDTとPTの両方の結果が低下した。.
UNASSIGNED: O teste intradérmico (IDT) e o prick test (PT) são utilizados para selecionar alérgenos para imunoterapia alérgeno-específica em cães com dermatite atópica (DAC). Entretanto, a utilização de medicações antipruriginosas antes da realização desses testes pode influenciar nos resultados.
OBJECTIVE: Avaliar a influência dos medicamentos oclacitinib e prednisolona nas reações imediatad do IDT e do PT.
UNASSIGNED: Trinta cães de clientes com DAC com reações positivas a pelo menos um extrato de alergênico no IDT ou PT. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os cães foram distribuídos aleatoriamente para receber oclacitinib 0,4-0,58 mg/kg por via oral, a cada 12 horas (n = 14), ou prednisolona 0,37-0,65 mg/kg por via oral, a cada 12 horas (n = 16) durante 14 dias. IDT e PT foram realizados no Dia (D)0 antes do tratamento e no D14.
RESULTS: No D14 não houve redução significativa nas médias dos diâmetros ortogonais das reações positivas imediatas do IDT (p = 0,064) no grupo oclacitinib; porém, no PT, o diâmetro das reações positivas reduziu significativamente (p = 0,048). Em ambos os testes, não houve redução significativa no número total de reações positivas (IDT, p > 0,999; PT, p = 0,735). No grupo prednisolona, as médias dos diâmetros ortogonais das reações positivas imediatas imediata foram significativamente reduzidas em ambos os testes (IDT, p = 0,001; PT, p > 0,001), também houve redução no número total de reações positivas (IDT, p = 0,022; PT, p = 0,001). CONCLUSÕES E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: O uso de oclacitinib 0,4-0,58 mg/kg duas vezes ao dia durante 14 dias não interfere nos resultados do IDT em cães com DAC. No entanto, o oclacitinib pode reduzir a reatividade do PT. O uso de prednisolona 0,37-0,65 mg/kg duas vezes ao dia resulta em redução nos resultados do IDT e do PT.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las pruebas intradérmicas (IDT) y de punción (PT) se utilizan para seleccionar alérgenos para la inmunoterapia específica con alérgenos en perros con dermatitis atópica (cAD). Sin embargo, el uso de fármacos antipruriginosos antes de realizar estas pruebas puede influir en los resultados.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluar la influencia de los fármacos oclacitinib y prednisolona en las reacciones de fase inmediata IDT y PT.
UNASSIGNED: Treinta perros de propietarios particulares con cAD y con reacciones positivas al menos a un extracto de alérgeno en las pruebas IDT o PT. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Los perros fueron asignados al azar para recibir oclacitinib 0,4-0,58 mg/kg por vía oral, cada 12 h (n = 14), o prednisolona 0,37-0,65 mg/kg por vía oral, cada 12 h (n = 16) durante 14 días. Las pruebas IDT y PT se realizaron el día (D) 0 antes del tratamiento y el D14.
RESULTS: En el D14 no hubo reducción significativa en las medias de los diámetros ortogonales de las reacciones positivas de fase inmediata del IDT (p = 0,064) en el grupo de oclacitinib; sin embargo, en el PT, el diámetro de las reacciones positivas se redujo significativamente (p = 0,048). En ambas pruebas no hubo reducción significativa en el número total de reacciones positivas (IDT, p > 0,999; PT, p = 0,735). En el grupo de prednisolona, las medias de los diámetros ortogonales de las reacciones positivas de fase inmediata se redujeron significativamente en ambas pruebas (IDT, p = 0,001; PT, p ≤ 0,001) y también hubo una reducción en el número total de reacciones positivas ( IDT, p = 0,022; PT, p = 0,001). CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: el uso de oclacitinib 0,4-0,58 mg/kg dos veces al día durante 14 días no interfiere con los resultados de la IDT en perros con cAD. Sin embargo, oclacitinib puede reducir la reactividad de la pruba PT. El uso de prednisolona 0,37 a 0,65 mg/kg dos veces al día produce una reducción tanto en los resultados de IDT como de PT.

Intestinal microbiota alterations were described in allergic individuals and may improve with diets. Farmina Ultra Hypo (FUH), a hydrolyzed fish/rice starch hypoallergenic diet, is able to improve clinical signs in allergic dogs. Study objectives were to determine microbiota differences in allergic dogs before and after feeding with FUH for eight weeks. Forty skin allergic dogs were evaluated clinically before and after the diet. Unresponsive dogs were classified as canine atopic dermatitis (CAD); responsive dogs relapsing after challenge with previous foods were classified as being food reactive (AFR), and those not relapsing as doubtful (D). Sequencing of feces collected pre- and post-diet was performed, with comparisons between and within groups, pre- and post-diet, and correlations to possible altered metabolic pathways were sought. Microbiota in all dogs was dominated by Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, albeit with large interindividual variations and with some prevalence changes after the diet. In general, bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids were increased in all samples. CAD dogs showed pre-and post-diet microbiota patterns different from the other two groups. Bacteria taxa were enriched post-diet only in the AFR group. Changes in metabolic pathways were observed mainly in the CAD group. FUH may be able to improve intestinal microbiota and thus clinical signs of skin allergy.

Easy recurrence and strong treatment side effects significantly limit the clinical treatment of allergic dermatitis. The human trace element selenium (Se) plays essential roles in redox regulation through incorporation into selenoproteins in the form of 21st necessary amino acid selenocysteine, to participates in the pathogenesis and intervention of chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, based on the safe and elemental properties of Se, we construct a facile-synthesis strategy for antiallergic selenium nanoparticles (LET-SeNPs), and scale up the production by employing a spray drying method with lactose (Lac-LET-SeNPs) or maltodextrin (Mal-LET-SeNPs) as encapsulation agents realizing larger scale production and a longer storage time. As expected, these as-prepared LET-SeNPs could effectively activate the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway to enhance the expression of antioxidative selenoprotein at mRNA and protein levels, then inhibit mast cell activation to achieve efficient antiallergic activity. Interestingly, LET-SeNPs undergo metabolism to seleno-amino acids to promote biosynthesis of selenoproteins, which could suppress ROS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and MAPKs activation to suppress the release of histamine and inflammatory cytokines. Allergic mouse and Macaca fascicularis models further confirm that LET-SeNPs could increase the Se content and selenoprotein expression in the skin, decrease mast cells activation and inflammatory cells infiltration, and finally exhibit the high therapeutic effects on allergic dermatitis. Taken together, this study not only constructs facile large-scale synthesis of translational Se nanomedicine to break through the bottleneck problem of nanomaterials but also sheds light on its application in the intervention and treatment of allergies.

We investigated a skin adhesive closure device consisting of a self-adhesive polyester mesh placed over the surgical incision, followed by a liquid adhesive that is spread over the mesh and surrounding the skin. It is intended to reduce wound closure times, scarring, and skin complications associated with traditional closure with sutures or staples. The aim of this study was to report on skin reactions in patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the skin adhesive closure system.
A retrospective review of patients who underwent TKA using adhesive closure between 2016 to 2021 at a single institute was performed. A total of 1,719 cases were analyzed. Patient demographics were collected. The primary outcome was any postoperative skin reaction. Skin reactions were classified as allergic dermatitis, cellulitis, or other. Treatment(s), duration of symptoms, and surgical infections were also collected.
A total of 5.0% (86) of patients were found to have any type of skin reaction following their TKA. Of these 86, 39 (2.3%) had symptoms of allergic dermatitis (AD), 23 (1.3%) had symptoms of cellulitis, and 24 (1.4%) had other symptoms. A total of 27 (69%) allergic dermatitis patients were treated with a topical corticosteroid cream only; their symptoms resolved within an average of 25 days. There was only 1 case of superficial infection (<0.001%). No prosthetic joint infections were observed.
Despite skin reactions appearing in 5.0% of cases, the rate of infection was low. A patient-specific preoperative workup and effective treatment strategies can minimize complications associated with adhesive closure system and increase patient satisfaction following TKA.

Allergic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease that arises from abnormal T lymphocyte activation. A recombinant fusion protein comprising Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein and maltose binding protein, rMBP-NAP, has been documented as a novel immunomodulatory TLR agonist.
To explore the effect of the rMBP-NAP on the OXA-induced AD in a mouse model and clarify the possible action mechanism.
The AD animal model was induced by repeated administration of oxazolone (OXA) in BALB/c mice. H&E staining was used to analyze the ear epidermis thickness and the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells. TB staining was used to detect mast cell infiltration in the ear tissue. ELISA was used to analyze the secretion of cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ in peripheral blood. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-13 in ear tissue.
OXA induced the establishment of an AD model. After the rMBP-NAP treatment, the thickness of the ear tissue and the number of mast cells infiltrated in AD mice reduced, and the serum and ear tissue levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ increased, but the ratio of IFN-γ (rMBP-NAP group)/IL-4 (rMBP-NAP group) was greater than the ratio of IFN-γ (sensitized group)/IL-4 (sensitized group).
The rMBP-NAP improved the disease symptoms including skin lesions in AD, alleviated the inflammation in ear tissue, and restored the Th1/2 balance by inducing a shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response. The results of our work support the use of rMBP-NAP as an immunomodulator for AD treatment in future investigations.

Lokivetmab (Cytopoint®, Zoetis) is a canine monoclonal antibody that specifically binds and neutralizes interleukin (IL)-31. Lokivetmab is approved for use in dogs for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic dermatitis. The laboratory safety of lokivetmab was evaluated in 2 studies by adapting the science-based, case-by-case approach used for preclinical and early clinical safety evaluation of human biopharmaceuticals. The main objectives were to demonstrate the safety of lokivetmab in healthy laboratory Beagle dogs by using integrated clinical, morphologic, and functional evaluations. In Study 1, dogs were treated s.c. with saline or lokivetmab at 3.3 mg/kg (1X, label dose) or 10 mg/kg (3X intended dose) for 7 consecutive monthly doses, with terminal pathology and histology assessments. In Study 2, the functional immune response was demonstrated in naïve dogs using the T-cell dependent antibody response (TDAR) test with 2 different dose levels of unadjuvanted keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as the model immunogen. The primary endpoint was anti-KLH IgG antibody titer, and secondary endpoints were ex vivo IL-2 enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell lymphoproliferation assays. Both studies included monitoring general health, periodic veterinary clinical evaluations, serial clinical pathology and toxicokinetics, and monitoring for anti-drug antibodies. In both studies, the health of dogs receiving lokivetmab was similar to controls, with no treatment-related changes uncovered. Extensive pathology evaluations of immune tissues (Study 1) revealed no lokivetmab-related morphologic changes, and in dogs treated at 10 mg/kg lokivetmab, immunization with the model antigen KLH did not impair the functional antibody or T-cell recall responses. There were no immunogenicity-related or hypersensitivity-related responses observed in either study. These studies in healthy laboratory dogs showed that lokivetmab was well-tolerated, did not produce any treatment-related effects, and had no effect on immune system morphology or its functional response. These studies also demonstrated the utility of a science-based case-by-case approach to the safety evaluation of a veterinary biopharmaceutical product.