已经在几个水生隔室中检测到药物活性化合物(PhAC),这一直是环境问题,因为PhACs在低浓度时会对水生生态系统造成不利影响。尽管在地表水中检测到各种各样的PhAC,对他们中的许多人来说,生态毒理学研究是不存在的,主要是关于他们的混合物。此外,水体可以连续接收含有微污染物的原始或处理过的废水的排放。因此,PhAC受到混合和相互作用的影响,增强或降低其毒性。因此,本研究评估了七个PhACs对费氏阿利弧菌的毒性,这仍然需要在文献中探索。分别评估PhAC及其二元和三元混合物的效果。此外,将实验效果与浓度添加(CA)和独立作用(IA)模型进行比较。最后,进行了环境风险评估。非诺贝特(FEN),氯雷他定(LOR),酮洛芬(KET)毒性最大,EC50分别为0.32mgL-1、6.15mgL-1和36.8mgL-1。观察到FEN+LOR的协同作用,KET+LOR,和KET+FEN+LOR,表明CA和IA可能低估了毒性。KET对藻类的环境风险,甲壳类和鱼类的LORe17α-乙炔雌二醇(EE2)在几个地方都很高。此外,为了达到降低KET和LOR风险商所需的浓度,需要通过废水处理技术进行高去除。因此,这项研究有助于更好地了解PhACs的毒性相互作用和环境风险。
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have been detected in several aquatic compartments, which has been of environmental concern since PhACs can cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem at low concentrations. Despite the variety of PhACs detected in surface water, ecotoxicological studies are non-existent for many of them, mainly regarding their mixture. In addition, water bodies can continuously receive the discharge of raw or treated wastewater with micropollutants. Thus, PhACs are subject to mixture and interactions, potentiating or reducing their toxicity. Therefore, the present study evaluated the toxicity on Aliivibrio fischeri of seven PhACs, which still needs to be explored in the literature. The effects were evaluated for the PhACs individually and for their binary and tertiary mixture. Also, the experimental effects were compared with the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. Finally, an environmental risk assessment was carried out. Fenofibrate (FEN), loratadine (LOR), and ketoprofen (KET) were the most toxic, with EC50 of 0.32 mg L-1, 6.15 mg L-1 and 36.8 mg L-1, respectively. Synergistic effects were observed for FEN + LOR, KET + LOR, and KET + FEN + LOR, showing that the CA and IA may underestimate the toxicity. Environmental risks for KET concerning algae, and LOR e 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) for crustaceans and fish were high for several locations. Besides, high removals by wastewater treatment technologies are required to achieve the concentrations necessary for reducing KET and LOR risk quotients. Thus, this study contributed to a better understanding of the toxic interactions and environmental risks of PhACs.