阿留申水貂病病毒(AMDV),导致阿留申病,在养殖水貂和野生芥末中广泛传播。然而,关于野生动物在AMDV传播和传播中的作用的数据有限。我们的目的是通过研究波兰野生野兽类中的AMDV流行率和遗传多样性,来阐明AMDV在野生野兽类中的传播,并估计密集耕作方式对病毒传播的影响。我们比较了美国水貂AMDV血清阳性率和PCR阳性个体的比例,polecats,水獭,石头马腾子,和松马,并使用NS1地区的系统发育分析来研究传播。此外,我们使用宏基因组方法对组织样本中完整的AMDV基因组进行测序.在波兰东部,野生芥菜中的AMDV血清阳性率从水獭的22%到石貂和野生水貂的62%和64%不等,分别。所有研究的抗体阳性水貂也是PCR阳性,而只有10%、15%和18%的抗体阳性蜂鸟,松树马,和石头马丁,分别,PCR阳性,表明与野生水貂相比,这些动物物种的病毒持久性较低。在系统发育分析中,来自野生水貂的大多数序列形成了特定区域的簇,这些簇很可能是通过数十年来多次将AMDV引入野生水貂种群而出现的。然而,还观察到病毒在地区之间传播。来自养殖和野生动物的病毒序列在系统发育树中形成了单独的亚簇,尽管养殖水貂逃生者经常流入野生种群,但没有观察到最近在养殖动物和野生动物之间传播病毒的迹象。这些结果提供了有关不同芥菜物种在AMDV传播中的作用以及野生芥菜之间的病毒传播的新信息。此外,我们找出知识的差距,需要更多的研究来实现AMDV传播的全面图景。
Aleutian mink disease virus (
AMDV), which causes Aleutian disease, is widely spread both in farmed mink and wild mustelids. However, only limited data are available on the role of wild animals in
AMDV transmission and spread. Our aim was to shed light on
AMDV transmission among wild mustelids and estimate the effect of intense farming practices on the virus circulation by studying AMDV prevalence and genetic diversity among wild mustelids in Poland. We compared
AMDV seroprevalence and proportion of PCR-positive individuals in American mink, polecats, otters, stone martens, and pine martens and used the phylogenetic analysis of the NS1 region to study transmission. In addition, we used a metagenomic approach to sequence complete
AMDV genomes from tissue samples. In eastern Poland, AMDV seroprevalence in wild mustelids varied from 22 per cent in otters to 62 per cent and 64 per cent in stone martens and feral mink, respectively. All studied antibody-positive mink were also PCR positive, whereas only 10, 15, and 18 per cent of antibody-positive polecats, pine martens, and stone martens, respectively, were PCR positive, suggesting lower virus persistence among these animal species as compared to feral mink. In phylogenetic analysis, most sequences from feral mink formed region-specific clusters that have most likely emerged through multiple introductions of AMDV to feral mink population over decades. However, virus spread between regions was also observed. Virus sequences derived from farmed and wild animals formed separate subclusters in the phylogenetic tree, and no signs of recent virus transmission between farmed and wild animals were observed despite the frequent inflow of farmed mink escapees to wild populations. These results provide new information about the role of different mustelid species in AMDV transmission and about virus circulation among the wild mustelids. In addition, we pinpoint gaps of knowledge, where more studies are needed to achieve a comprehensive picture of AMDV transmission.