增加的乙酸水平降低了用于基于工业发酵的应用的酵母菌株的活性。因此,解开调节酵母对乙酸的耐受性和敏感性的遗传因素对于优化各种工业过程至关重要。在这份通讯中,我们试图破译先前报道的对乙酸敏感的组蛋白突变体的乙酸应激反应。使用斑点试验和生长曲线的重新验证表明,这些突变体中的五个,viz.,H3K18Q,H3S28A,H3K42Q,H3Q68A,H3F104A,对测试的乙酸浓度最敏感。这些突变体表现出增强的乙酸应激反应,如AIF1,活性氧(ROS)产生的表达水平增加所证明的。染色质片段化,和聚集的肌动蛋白细胞骨架。此外,突变体在乙酸处理后表现出活跃的细胞壁损伤反应,如Slt2磷酸化和细胞壁完整性基因表达增加所证明的。有趣的是,突变体对细胞壁应激因子的敏感性增加。最后,组蛋白H3N末端尾部截断突变体的筛选表明,尾部截断对乙酸胁迫表现出一般敏感性。这些N末端尾部截断突变体中的一些,即。,H3[del1-24],H3[del1-28],H3[del9-24],和H3[del25-36]也对细胞壁应激剂如刚果红和咖啡因敏感,这表明它们增强的乙酸敏感性可能是由于乙酸诱导的细胞壁应激所致。
Enhanced levels of acetic acid reduce the activity of yeast strains employed for industrial fermentation-based applications. Therefore, unraveling the genetic factors underlying the regulation of the tolerance and sensitivity of yeast towards acetic acid is imperative for optimising various industrial processes. In this communication, we have attempted to decipher the acetic acid stress response of the previously reported acetic acid-sensitive histone mutants. Revalidation using spot-test assays and growth curves revealed that five of these mutants, viz., H3K18Q, H3S28A, H3K42Q, H3Q68A, and H3F104A, are most sensitive towards the tested acetic acid concentrations. These mutants demonstrated enhanced acetic acid stress response as evidenced by the increased expression levels of
AIF1, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, chromatin fragmentation, and aggregated actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, the mutants exhibited active cell wall damage response upon acetic acid treatment, as demonstrated by increased Slt2-phosphorylation and expression of cell wall integrity genes. Interestingly, the mutants demonstrated increased sensitivity to cell wall stress-causing agents. Finally, screening of histone H3 N-terminal tail truncation mutants revealed that the tail truncations exhibit general sensitivity to acetic acid stress. Some of these N-terminal tail truncation mutants viz., H3 [del 1-24], H3 [del 1-28], H3 [del 9-24], and H3 [del 25-36] are also sensitive to cell wall stress agents such as Congo red and caffeine suggesting that their enhanced acetic acid sensitivity may be due to cell wall stress induced by acetic acid.