最近正在爆发的2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19),随着全球感染病例和死亡率的增长,仍然是一个未解决的问题。新型冠状病毒,严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2),针对血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)受体,主要导致呼吸系统疾病。尽管获得性免疫和抗性免疫是缓解当前大流行趋势的最重要方面之一;然而,关于感染过程的知识仍然存在很大差距,免疫发病机制,recovery,再感染。
为了回答有关“COVID-19感染病例中再感染的可能性和可能性”或“SARS-CoV-2感染诱导的免疫抵抗再感染的效率和持续时间”的问题,我们严格评估了当前有关SARS-CoV-2免疫和再感染的报告,并特别强调使用动物模型进行的比较研究,这些研究概括了他们关于保护和再感染的发现。此外,讨论了体液免疫在COVID-19恢复过程中的作用以及ACE2在病毒感染性和发病机制中的作用。此外,本文综述了疾病和恢复条件下的先天免疫和细胞免疫以及炎症反应,并介绍了COVID-19进展和恢复在三个不同阶段的免疫学方面的总体概述。最后,我们根据获得性免疫和再感染的可能性将感染病例分为四个不同的组。
在这篇综述论文中,我们提出了一种新的策略来预测每个确定类别的再感染可能性.这种分类可能有助于更仔细地分配资源以确定:谁需要进行SARS-CoV-2中和抗体的血清学测试,多少百分比的人口对病毒免疫,谁需要接种疫苗。
The recent ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), still is an unsolved problem with a growing rate of infected cases and mortality worldwide. The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is targeting the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and mostly causes a respiratory illness. Although acquired and resistance immunity is one of the most important aspects of alleviating the trend of the current pandemic; however, there is still a big gap of knowledge regarding the infection process, immunopathogenesis, recovery, and reinfection.
To answer the questions regarding \"the potential and probability of reinfection in COVID-19 infected cases\" or \"the efficiency and duration of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity against reinfection\" we critically evaluated the current reports on SARS-CoV-2 immunity and reinfection with special emphasis on comparative studies using animal models that generalize their finding about protection and reinfection. Also, the contribution of humoral immunity in the process of COVID-19 recovery and the role of ACE2 in virus infectivity and pathogenesis has been discussed. Furthermore, innate and cellular immunity and inflammatory responses in the disease and recovery conditions are reviewed and an overall outline of immunologic aspects of COVID-19 progression and recovery in three different stages are presented. Finally, we categorized the infected cases into four different groups based on the acquired immunity and the potential for reinfection.
In this review paper, we proposed a new strategy to predict the potential of reinfection in each identified category. This classification may help to distribute resources more meticulously to determine: who needs to be serologically tested for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, what percentage of the population is immune to the virus, and who needs to be vaccinated.