禽流感在家禽业中造成巨大的经济损失,并可能威胁人类健康。近年来,高致病性禽流感A/H5N1病毒已导致家禽和野生鸟类的毁灭性损失。同时,被确定感染A/H5N1的哺乳动物物种数量正在增加,随着最近家猫的爆发,包括家庭个人,2023年7月在波兰证明,最终为病毒创造了更好地适应哺乳动物宿主的机会,包括人类。总的来说,在2003年至2023年之间,全球记录了超过10起费利德疫情,其中六个,基于生鸡肉的饲料被怀疑是A/H5N1的潜在来源,引发了关于A/H5N1威胁和降低相关风险的方法的辩论。本文讨论了允许生产无屠宰肉的技术,包括家禽,从细胞和组织培养可以被视为缓解策略的一部分,以减少禽流感病毒对人类宿主的总体负担和适应威胁。通过将家禽生产转移到养殖肉类产业,养殖鸟类中A/H5N1爆发的频率可能会降低,降低了直接接触禽类或生禽类并与人(包括家猫)密切接触的野生和驯养哺乳动物获得病毒的风险,最终最小化A/H5N1更好地适应哺乳动物宿主的潜力,包括人类。这增加了养殖肉的其他好处,也在本文中进行了综述。包括减少抗生素的使用,微生物污染和寄生虫传播的风险,以及与传统屠宰肉类相比的环境和道德优势。总之,这项技术的进一步发展和实施,在家禽生产方面,是大力提倡的。尽管养殖家禽在不久的将来不太可能取代常规工艺,但由于扩大生产规模和满足不断增长的禽肉需求的挑战,它仍可能减少与高致病性禽流感在某些世界地区传播有关的压力和威胁。
Avian influenza causes substantial economic loss in the poultry industry and potentially threatens human health. Over recent years, the highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus has led to devastating losses in poultry flocks and wild birds. At the same time, the number of mammalian species identified to be infected with A/H5N1 is increasing, with recent outbreaks in domestic cats, including household individuals, evidenced in July 2023 in Poland, ultimately creating opportunities for the virus to adapt better to mammalian hosts, including humans. Overall, between 2003 and 2023, over 10 outbreaks in felids have been documented globally, and in six of them, feed based on raw chicken was suspected as a potential source of A/H5N1, fuelling a debate on threats posed by A/H5N1 and methods to decrease the associated risks. This article debates that technology allowing the production of slaughter-free meat, including poultry, from cell and tissue cultures could be considered as a part of a mitigation strategy to decrease the overall burden and threat of adaptation of avian influenza viruses to human hosts. By shifting poultry production to the cultured meat industry, the frequency of A/H5N1 outbreaks in farmed birds may be decreased, leading to a reduced risk of virus acquisition by wild and domesticated mammals that have direct contact with birds or eat raw poultry and have close contact with human (including domestic cats), ultimately minimizing the potential of A/H5N1 to adapt better to mammalian host, including humans. This adds to the list of other benefits of cultured meat that are also reviewed in this paper, including decreased antibiotic use, risk of microbial contamination and parasite transmission, and environmental and ethical advantages over conventional slaughtered meat. In conclusion, further development and implementation of this technology, also in the context of poultry production, is strongly advocated. Although cultured poultry is unlikely to replace the conventional process in the near future due to challenges with scaling up the production and meeting the continuously increased demand for poultry meat, it may still decrease the pressures and threats related to the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza in selected world regions.