组织工程的黄金法则是创造一种模拟天然组织的合成装置,从而导致其解剖和功能完整性的适当恢复,避免与基于自体移植和同种异体移植的方法相关的限制。合成生物相容性材料的出现导致了创新支架的生产,如果与细胞和/或生物活性分子结合,可以改善组织再生。在过去的十年里,丝素蛋白(SF)作为一种有前途的生物材料在再生医学中获得了关注,由于其增强的生物/细胞相容性,化学稳定性,和机械性能。此外,生产先进的医疗工具,如电影的可能性,纤维,水凝胶,3D多孔支架,无纺布脚手架,来自原始水溶液的颗粒或复合材料强调了SF的多功能性。这样的设备能够满足最多样化的组织需求;因此,它们代表了治疗骨/软骨的创新临床解决方案,心血管系统,神经,皮肤,胰腺组织再生,以及许多其他生物医学应用。当前的叙述回顾包括诸如(i)基于SF的生物材料的最有趣的特征,裸SF的生物学性质和结构特征,和理解相关的化学物理特性和技术,用于生产所需的SF配方;(ii)不同的应用SF基生物材料及其相关的复合结构,讨论它们在医学领域的生物相容性和有效性。特别是,本文还分析了再生医学中的应用,以强调应用于各个身体部门的不同治疗策略。
The golden rule in tissue engineering is the creation of a synthetic device that simulates the native tissue, thus leading to the proper restoration of its anatomical and functional integrity, avoiding the limitations related to approaches based on autografts and allografts. The emergence of synthetic biocompatible materials has led to the production of innovative scaffolds that, if combined with cells and/or bioactive molecules, can improve tissue regeneration. In the last decade, silk fibroin (SF) has gained attention as a promising biomaterial in regenerative medicine due to its enhanced bio/cytocompatibility, chemical stability, and mechanical properties. Moreover, the possibility to produce advanced medical tools such as films, fibers, hydrogels, 3D porous scaffolds, non-woven scaffolds, particles or composite materials from a raw aqueous solution emphasizes the versatility of SF. Such devices are capable of meeting the most diverse tissue needs; hence, they represent an innovative clinical solution for the treatment of bone/cartilage, the cardiovascular system, neural, skin, and pancreatic tissue regeneration, as well as for many other biomedical applications. The present narrative review encompasses topics such as (i) the most interesting features of SF-based biomaterials, bare SF\'s biological nature and structural features, and comprehending the related chemo-physical properties and techniques used to produce the desired formulations of SF; (ii) the different applications of SF-based biomaterials and their related composite structures, discussing their biocompatibility and effectiveness in the medical field. Particularly, applications in regenerative medicine are also analyzed herein to highlight the different therapeutic strategies applied to various body sectors.