背景:关于体力活动(PA)和PPSV23疫苗接种对肺炎相关住院的影响知之甚少。这项研究根据老年人PPSV23疫苗接种状况检查了常规PA与肺炎相关住院之间的关系。
方法:这项回顾性队列研究使用健康体检数据进行,医疗索赔数据,和两个日本城市的疫苗接种记录。在2016年4月至2021年3月期间接受过健康检查的65岁以上的居民被分为接种或未接种PPSV23疫苗的队列。每个队列进一步分为PA组和无PA组。计算每个队列的肺炎相关住院的危险比(HR),同时调整性别,年龄,合并症,和代谢综合征。
结果:接种疫苗的队列包括16,295名参与者(无PA:5,139,PA:11,156)。未接种疫苗的队列包括7,998名参与者(无PA:2,671,PA:5,327)。在接种疫苗的队列中,PA组的肺炎相关住院风险显著低于无PA组(校正后HR:0.58,P=0.004).然而,在未接种疫苗的队列中,PA与肺炎相关的住院无关(校正后的HR:0.70,P=0.270)。
结论:PA可降低接种疫苗者肺炎相关住院的风险。增加疫苗接种率和PA习惯的干预措施可能有助于减少老年人的住院治疗。
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the impact of physical activity (PA) and PPSV23 vaccination on pneumonia-related hospitalizations. This study examined the association between regular PA and pneumonia-related hospitalization according to PPSV23 vaccination status in older adults.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using health checkup data, medical care claims data, and vaccination records from two Japanese municipalities. Residents aged ≥65 years who had undergone a health checkup between April 2016 and March 2021 were categorized into a PPSV23 vaccinated or unvaccinated cohort. Each cohort was further divided into a PA group and no PA group. The hazard ratio (HR) of PA for pneumonia-related hospitalization was calculated for each cohort while adjusting for sex, age, comorbidities, and metabolic syndrome.
RESULTS: The vaccinated cohort comprised 16,295 participants (no PA: 5,139, PA: 11,156), and the unvaccinated cohort comprised 7,998 participants (no PA: 2,671, PA: 5,327). In the vaccinated cohort, the PA group had a significantly lower hazard for pneumonia-related hospitalization than the no PA group (adjusted HR: 0.58, P = 0.004). However, PA was not associated with pneumonia-related hospitalization in the unvaccinated cohort (adjusted HR: 0.70, P = 0.270).
CONCLUSIONS: PA can reduce the risk of pneumonia-related hospitalization in vaccinated persons. Interventions that increase both vaccination rates and PA habits may help to reduce these hospitalizations in older adults.