■肠道微生物组(GM)和免疫系统之间的相互作用会影响宿主的健康和健康。然而,很少有研究调查这种联系和转基因动态在野生物种的疾病。蝙蝠(哺乳动物:Chiroptera)具有应对细胞内病原体的特殊能力和适应动力飞行的独特GM。然而,转基因对蝙蝠健康的贡献,尤其是豁免权,或者它是如何受到疾病的影响,仍然未知。
■这里,我们研究了埃及水果蝙蝠(Rousettusayptiacus)转基因在健康和疾病期间的动态。我们使用脂多糖(LPS)在蝙蝠中引起炎症反应,革兰氏阴性菌的内毒素。然后我们测量了炎症标志物触珠蛋白,蝙蝠的主要急性期蛋白,并使用高通量16SrRNA测序分析了对照和挑战蝙蝠的GM(肛门拭子),在挑战之前,24h和48h后挑战。
■我们发现抗原攻击会导致蝙蝠GM的组成发生变化(例如,Weissella,埃希氏菌,链球菌)。这种变化与触珠蛋白浓度显着相关,但更强烈的采样时间。11个细菌序列与结合珠蛋白浓度相关,其中9个被发现是免疫反应强度的潜在预测因子。以及隐含的感染严重程度,尤其是Weissella和埃希氏菌.蝙蝠GM表现出很高的复原力,迅速恢复菌落群的GM成分,随着蝙蝠恢复觅食和社会活动。
■我们的研究结果表明,蝙蝠的免疫反应与转基因变化之间存在着紧密的联系,并强调在野生物种的生态免疫学研究中整合微生物生态学的重要性。转基因的恢复能力可能为该物种提供了适应性优势,以应对感染并维持菌落健康。
Interactions between the gut microbiome (GM) and the immune system influence host health and fitness. However, few studies have investigated this link and GM dynamics during disease in wild species. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) have an exceptional ability to cope with intracellular pathogens and a unique GM adapted to powered flight. Yet, the contribution of the GM to bat health, especially immunity, or how it is affected by disease, remains unknown.
Here, we examined the dynamics of the Egyptian fruit bats\' (Rousettus aegyptiacus) GM during health and disease. We provoked an inflammatory response in bats using lipopolysaccharides (LPS), an endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria. We then measured the inflammatory marker haptoglobin, a major acute phase protein in bats, and analyzed the GM (anal swabs) of control and challenged bats using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, before the challenge, 24h and 48h post challenge.
We revealed that the antigen challenge causes a shift in the composition of the bat GM (e.g., Weissella, Escherichia, Streptococcus). This shift was significantly correlated with haptoglobin concentration, but more strongly with sampling time. Eleven bacterial sequences were correlated with haptoglobin concentration and nine were found to be potential predictors of the strength of the immune response, and implicit of infection severity, notably Weissella and Escherichia. The bat GM showed high resilience, regaining the colony\'s group GM composition rapidly, as bats resumed foraging and social activities.
Our results demonstrate a tight link between bat immune response and changes in their GM, and emphasize the importance of integrating microbial ecology in ecoimmunological studies of wild species. The resilience of the GM may provide this species with an adaptive advantage to cope with infections and maintain colony health.