虽然用过的蘑菇基质(SMS)在增加土壤有机碳(SOC)和改善土壤质量方面显示出希望,在应用不同SMS类型后,对SOC组分和微生物群落之间相互作用的研究仍然很少。通过使用杏鲍菇(PE)和双孢蘑菇(AB)栽培的两种SMS进行了实验室土壤孵育实验,每个在三个施用率(3%,5.5%和8%)。先进的技术,包括固态13C核磁共振(NMR)和高通量测序,用于研究SOC分数和化学结构,微生物群落组成和功能。与SMS-AB相比,SMS-PE应用增加了SOC中碳水化合物碳和O-烷基C的相对丰度。此外,SMS-PE的应用增加了细菌门变形杆菌以及真菌门担子菌和子囊菌的相对丰度。降解纤维素的细菌的相对丰度(例如,Flavisolibacter和Agromyces)和真菌属(例如,Myceliopthora,热细菌,和共形)也增加了。SMS-AB的应用提高了SOC的芳香性指数,芳烃C的相对丰度,以及腐殖酸和重质组分有机碳的含量。此外,SMS-AB的应用显着增加了细菌门厚壁菌和放线菌的相对丰度。值得注意的是,Actinomadura属,Iumatobacter,和芽孢杆菌,与腐殖酸呈正相关,经历了相对丰度的增加。功能预测表明,SMS-PE的应用提高了碳水化合物的代谢,降低了真菌病原体的患病率,尤其是镰刀菌。高速率SMS-AB(8%)的应用增强了细菌氨基酸代谢和植物病原真菌的相对丰度。我们的研究提供了利用SMS丰富土壤有机碳和加强土壤健康的策略,促进可持续土壤管理的实现。
While spent mushroom substrate (SMS) has shown promise in increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and improving soil quality, research on the interplay between SOC components and microbial community following the application of diverse SMS types remains scant. A laboratory soil incubation experiment was conducted with application of two types of SMSs from cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (PE) and Agaricus bisporus (AB), each at three application rates (3, 5.5, and 8%). Advanced techniques, including solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-throughput sequencing, were employed to investigate on SOC fractions and chemical structure, microbial community composition and functionality. Compared to SMS-AB, SMS-PE application increased the relative abundances of carbohydrate carbon and O-alkyl C in SOC. In addition, SMS-PE application increased the relative abundance of the bacterial phylum Proteobacteria and those of the fungal phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The relative abundances of cellulose-degrading bacterial (e.g., Flavisolibacter and Agromyces) and fungal genera (e.g., Myceliophthora, Thermomyces, and Conocybe) were increased as well. The application of SMS-AB increased the aromaticity index of SOC, the relative abundance of aromatic C, and the contents of humic acid and heavy fraction organic carbon. In addition, SMS-AB application significantly increased the relative abundances of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Notably, the genera Actinomadura, Ilumatobacter, and Bacillus, which were positively correlated with humic acid, experienced an increase in relative abundance. Functional prediction revealed that SMS-PE application elevated carbohydrate metabolism and reduced the prevalence of fungal pathogens, particularly Fusarium. The application of high-rate SMS-AB (8%) enhanced bacterial amino acid metabolism and the relative abundances of plant pathogenic fungi. Our research provides strategies for utilizing SMS to enrich soil organic carbon and fortify soil health, facilitating the achievement of sustainable soil management.