Research on social anxiety (SA) over the years has revealed its associations with different psychopathological symptoms. This study aims to characterize SA profiles in a sample of Spanish adolescents and explore their differences in psychopathological symptoms. Data from 1,288 Spanish students in the 15 to 18 age range (M = 16.30, SD = 0.97, 47.5% female) were collected using random cluster sampling. The Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) were employed. Four SA profiles were revealed by the Latent Profile Analysis (LPA): extreme SA, high SA, moderate SA, and low SA. Statistically significant differences in psychopathological symptoms were revealed by the MANOVA (effect sizes from d = -2.13 to d = -0.37). The extreme SA profile exhibited the most severe psychopathological symptoms, whereas the low SA profile displayed the mildest manifestations. Proposed interventions aim to support adolescents with SA risk profiles.

OBJECTIVE: Recent years have seen an increased interest regarding theoretical and empirical associations of adult attachment security and primary affective traits concerning psychiatric disorders. In this study, network analysis technique is applied to dissect the links between both psychodynamic personality constructs and an array of psychopathological symptoms.
METHODS: A total sample of 921 (69.9 % female) participants from the general population was investigated. A regularized cross-sectional partial correlation network between attachment (Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised [ECR-RD8]), primary affective traits (Brief Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales [BANPS-GL]) and psychopathological symptoms (ICD-10-Symptom-Rating Questionnaire [ISR]) was estimated via the EBICglasso algorithm. Node centrality, predictability and bridge centrality were analyzed. To evaluate the stability of the network and evaluate the significance of differences, we employed bootstrap techniques.
RESULTS: The network was found to be stable, allowing reliable interpretations. We observed SADNESS, as well as depressive, PTSD and anxiety symptoms as the most influential nodes within the investigated network. Attachment AV and SADNESS were observed as nodes with the highest bridge centrality.
CONCLUSIONS: The results provide a data-driven in-depth look into the complex dynamics between psychopathological symptoms, attachment security and basic affective traits. Results underscore the critical interconnections between affect, attachment, and psychopathology, advocating for a psychodynamically informed systems approach in psychological research that considers the affective dimensions underlying human mental health.

This study aimed to further understand body image among men by examining differences in body dissatisfaction and physical appearance-related comparisons with peers and celebrities, self-compassion, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and explore the relationship between male body image dissatisfaction, self-compassion, and depressive symptoms. The sample comprised 220 Portuguese men aged 18-66 years old, mostly single (78.2%) and with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24.81. Participants completed online measures assessing depressive and anxiety symptoms, male body dissatisfaction, self-compassion, and social comparison disseminated through social media and online forums. No significant differences were found between the BMI groups regarding anxiety, depression, and self-compassion. Underweight and typical weight groups revealed significantly less male body dissatisfaction (body fat dimension). Participants in the obesity group revealed less positive social comparisons with peers and celebrities. Regression results showed that age, years of education, the muscularity dimension of the male body dissatisfaction, and self-compassion were significant predictors, accounting for 26% of depressive symptoms. Cultivating self-compassionate skills may be helpful for dealing with muscularity dissatisfaction, thus leading to less depressive symptoms.

UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the impact of social activities on cognitive functioning and psychopathological symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: Participants aged 55 or older were enrolled through communities. Initial measures assessed demographic data, neuropsychological functioning, psychopathological state, and happiness. Social activities were evaluated using a modified 12-item tool, with 3-4 activities as the cutoff. Follow-up after 6-9 months included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Beck Depression Inventory - II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) measurements. Predictive models for psychiatric and cognitive statuses were built using multiple linear regression, adjusting for baseline conditions.
UNASSIGNED: Initially, 516 older individuals enrolled, with 403 undergoing follow-up. During follow-up, the low participation group reported lower MMSE scores, higher BAI scores, and increased PHQ-15 risk. Negative correlations between social activity numbers and PHQ-15 results were found. Engagement in social clubs correlated positively with higher MMSE scores, while regular interactions with one\'s adult child(ren) were linked to decreased BAI scores.
UNASSIGNED: The quantity of social activities was associated with lower somatic distress. Social club engagement positively influenced cognition, and regular interactions with one\'s adult child(ren) mitigated anxiety among older individuals.
UNASSIGNED: Enough types of social activities, participating in social clubs, and adequate interactions with children protected against psychopathologies.

OBJECTIVE: Sensitivity to moral and conventional rules (SMCR) is supported by bilateral brain networks and psychosocial input both of which may be altered in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This study evaluated the components of SMCR in patients with TLE, aiming to clarify their preservation and link to psychopathological and cognitive aspects.
METHODS: Adult patients with unilateral TLE and healthy controls were evaluated using neuropsychological tests for SMCR, memory, language, and executive functions, the Empathy Questionnaire (EQ), and the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R).
RESULTS: The SMCR test items showed good reliability and validity, yielding the Severity and Rules factors distinct from the Executive, Lexical and Memory factors. Patients with right TLE scored worse in moral rules recognition than controls, but this difference was nullified by a significant influence for age and sex. The Severity and Rules factors related to semantic fluency and age and, respectively, TLE side and psychoticism. However, these factors did predict TLE membership.
CONCLUSIONS: In adult patients with TLE, the SMCR test reflects a distinct cognitive domain. Conventional rules are well-retained, while moral reasoning may be only affected in right TLE if unfavorable demographics coexist. Although age, TLE side, semantic abilities, and psychoticism cooperate to determine SMCR, impairment of such domain is not a distinctive feature of TLE.

BACKGROUND: While clinical diagnosis of mental health issues focuses on factual details represented by literal language (e.g., the onset and process of the triggering event and duration of symptom), the relationship between metaphorical language and psychopathological experiences remains an intriguing question. Focusing on psychological trauma triggered by the 2019-2020 Hong Kong social unrest, this study explored the correlations between trauma victims\' quantitative metaphor usage patterns and their experience of specific Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) symptoms.
METHODS: Forty-six individuals with trauma exposure within 28 days were recruited through convenience sampling. Each completed a 20- to 30-minute semi-structured interview and filled out the Chinese version of the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ; 1). Metaphors in the interviews were identified using the discourse dynamic approach (2), and clinically interesting categories related to trauma and emotion expression, as revealed by previous literature, were sorted out. Standardized frequencies of the categories were correlated with participants\' SASRQ scores of five major ASD symptoms, and the correlational patterns were interpreted from a discourse analytic perspective.
RESULTS: The study reveals how metaphor usage patterns can reflect the speakers\' differentiated experiences of psychopathological symptoms. Compared with individuals who experienced less trauma, those more disturbed by the re-experiencing symptom were more inclined to use emotion-related metaphors and to metaphorize about the self and the self-society relationship. Individuals who experienced more severe anxiety and hyperarousal showed a heightened awareness of self-related issues and diminished attention to others. Those who suffered from more severe impairment in functioning produced more metaphors in the negative valence. Dissociation and avoidance, which were less experientially salient and intense than the others, were not significantly correlated with metaphor usage patterns.
CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes symptom-level metaphor usage patterns as a previously overlooked but interesting avenue in trauma evaluation, treatment, and research. While the study is confined to a single context, it nevertheless reveals the potential for metaphor research findings to be incorporated as useful materials in psychology education and therapist training.

UNASSIGNED: To assess the interplay among psychopathological symptoms and real-life functioning, and to further detect their influence with violent behavior in patient with schizophrenia.
UNASSIGNED: A sample of 1,664 patients with post-violence assessments and their propensity score-matched controls without violence from a disease registration report system of community mental health service in Guangdong, China, were studied by network analysis. Ising-Model was used to estimate networks of psychopathological symptoms and real-life functioning. Then, we tested whether network properties indicated the patterns of interaction were different between cases and controls, and calculated centrality indices of each node to identify the central nodes. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the difference of interaction patterns between pre-violence and post-violence assessments in violence cases.
UNASSIGNED: Some nodes in the same domain were highly positive interrelations, while psychopathological symptoms were negatively related to real-life functioning in all networks. Many symptom-symptom connections and symptom-functioning connections were disconnected after the violence. The network density decreased from 23.53% to 12.42% without statistical significance (p = 0.338). The network structure, the global network strength, and the global clustering coefficient decreased significantly after the violence (p < 0.001, p = 0.019, and p = 0.045, respectively). Real-life functioning had a higher node strength. The strength of sleeping, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation, and preoccupation were decreased in post-violence network of patients.
UNASSIGNED: The decreasing connectivity may indicate an increased risk of violence and early warning for detecting violence. Interventions and improving health state based on nodes with high strength might prevent violence in schizophrenia patients.

BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with a vast psychosocial burden. We analyzed the actual and ideal patient-doctor relationship and patients\' satisfaction with the patient-doctor relationship in relation to their satisfaction with life (SWL), HS-related quality of life, and psychopathological symptoms.
METHODS: 105 HS patients (53% females; mean age 37.64 ± 14.01 years) were enrolled. Severity of the disease was measured using Hurley staging and the International HS Score System (IHS4). Instruments utilized: Patient Expectation Test; Satisfaction with Life Scale; HS Quality of Life; Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; General Health Questionnaire.
RESULTS: Patients with Hurley I and mild IHS4 had the lowest satisfaction with the patient-doctor relationship. There were significant correlations between the actual patient-doctor relationship and the patients\' SWL (r = 0.30; p = 0.002), depressive (r = -0.36; p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.37; p < 0.01) and psychopathological symptoms (r = -0.47; p < 0.0001) and between the satisfaction with the patient-doctor relationship and their SWL (r = -0.32; p = 0.00098). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant influence of the following factors: Hurley II + III, psychopathological symptoms, and severe anxiety about the actual patient-doctor relationship and the satisfaction with the patient-doctor relationship.
CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of relations between patients and doctors is related to the patients\' mental health and SWL. The usage of the Patient Expectation Test in clinical practice can improve the patient-doctor relationship and the general quality of care for and compliance by HS patients.

UNASSIGNED: Within the current literature concerning the gynecological surgery, there are only a few studies that focus on the psychological aspects that characterize the peri-operative period. In this research, the psychopathological symptoms and the illness behavior were assessed in order to confirm previous results about clinical variables such as the type and method of intervention, as well as psychological aspects regarding the positive anamnesis for mental disorders. Moreover, other factors including the desire for maternity and previous surgical interventions and pregnancies were also investigated.
UNASSIGNED: In this observational research, 58 women (age = 41.5±8.8), that undergone gynecological surgery (conservative and non-conservative) for benign pathologies, were consecutively recruited. Information on psychopathological symptoms was collected 15 days (T0) and one day before surgery (T1), and at the time of discharge (T2) through the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ). At T2, the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) was also administered.
UNASSIGNED: The descriptive analyzes conducted on the total sample demonstrated that while anxious activation and irritable mood decrease from T0 to T1, somatizations and depression mood increase between T1 and T2. Moreover, the comparisons between groups, dividing the sample according to the clinical-medical and psychological variables, highlighted that the type and modality of the intervention, as well as a positive history for the presence of psychological disorders, the desire for maternity, and previous surgical interventions and pregnancies, can influence the course of psychopathological symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: This study highlights the need to include a clinical-psychological evaluation and to pay attention to specific clinical variables regarding women that are undergoing a conservative or non-conservative gynecological surgery. Considering the psychological impact of these type of interventions, the clinical history of these women, as well as their fears and desires, could facilitate a better management of the patients in terms of well-being, adherence to treatment, and recovery.
UNASSIGNED: Dentro de la literatura actual referente a la cirugía ginecológica, existen pocos estudios que se centren en los aspectos psicológicos que caracterizan el perioperatorio. En esta investigación se evaluaron los síntomas psicopatológicos y la conducta de enfermedad con el fin de confirmar resultados previos sobre variables clínicas como el tipo y método de intervención así como aspectos psicológicos en cuanto a la anamnesis positiva para trastornos mentales. Además, también se investigaron otros factores, como el deseo de maternidad y las intervenciones quirúrgicas y embarazos previos.
UNASSIGNED: En esta investigación observacional, se reclutaron consecutivamente 58 mujeres (edad=41.5±8.8), sometidas a cirugía ginecológica (conservadora y no conservadora) por patologías benignas. La información relativa a los síntomas psicopatológicos se ha recogido durante 15 días (T0) y un día antes de la cirugía (T1), y en el momento del alta (T2) a través del Cuestionario de Síntomas (SQ). En T2 también se administró el Cuestionario de Conducta de Enfermedad (IBQ).
UNASSIGNED: Los análisis descriptivos realizados sobre la muestra total demostraron que mientras la activación ansiosa y el estado de ánimo irritable disminuyen de T0 a T1, las somatizaciones y el estado de ánimo depresivo aumentan entre T1 y T2. Además, las comparaciones entre grupos, dividiendo la muestra de acuerdo con las variables clínico-médicas y psicológicas, destacaron que el tipologia y modalidad de la intervención, así como una historia positiva para la presencia de trastornos psicológicos, deseo de maternidad y antecedentes quirúrgicos, las intervenciones y los embarazos pueden influir en el curso de los síntomas psicopatológicos.
UNASSIGNED: Este estudio pone de relieve la necesidad de incluir una evaluación clínico-psicológica y prestar atención a variables clínicas específicas en mujeres que se someten a una cirugía ginecológica conservadora o no conservadora. Considerando el impacto psicológico de este tipo de intervenciones, la historia clínica de estas mujeres, sus miedos y deseos podría facilitar un mejor manejo de las pacientes en términos de bienestar, adherencia al tratamiento y recuperación.

BACKGROUND: Lower cognitive functioning has been documented across psychiatric disorders and hypothesized to be a core deficit of mental disorders. Situating psychopathology and cognition as part of a unitary construct is therefore important to understanding the etiology of psychiatric disorders. The current study aims to test competing structural models of psychopathology and cognition in a large national cohort of adolescents.
METHODS: The analytic sample consisted of 1189 participants aged 16-17 years, screened by the Israeli Draft Board. Psychopathology was assessed using a modified version of the Brief Symptom Inventory, and cognition was assessed based on four standardized test scores ((1) mathematical reasoning, concentration, and concept manipulation; (2) visual-spatial problem-solving skills and nonverbal abstract reasoning; (3) verbal understanding; (4) categorization and verbal abstraction). Confirmatory factor analysis was implemented to compare competing structural models of psychopathology with and without cognition. Sensitivity analyses examined the models in different subpopulations.
RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a better model fit of psychopathological symptoms without cognition (RMSEA = 0.037; TLI = 0.991; CFI = 0.992) than with cognition (RMSEA = 0.04-0.042; TLI = 0.987-0.988; CFI = 0.988-0.989). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these results with a single exception. Among participants with low cognitive abilities (N = 139), models that integrated psychopathological symptoms with cognition had a better fit compared to models of psychopathology without cognition.
CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that cognition and psychopathology are, generally, independent constructs. However, within low cognitive abilities, cognition was integral to the structure of psychopathology. Our results point toward an increased vulnerability to psychopathology in individuals with low cognitive abilities and may provide valuable information for clinicians.