背景:通过体育俱乐部提供的健康促进(HP)干预措施在男性中显示出有希望的结果,但对干预措施的哪些方面起作用知之甚少,为谁,在什么情况下。这篇快速的现实主义评论旨在了解背景,机制,以及通过体育俱乐部对男性进行HP干预的结果。
方法:在2023年2月对2013年后发表在MEDLINE上的研究进行了系统的文献检索,Embase,和SPORTDiscus数据库。
方法:(a)由体育俱乐部或与体育俱乐部合作交付,(b)针对18岁以上的男性,(c)报告了1个或更多的HP结果。还进行了灰色文献检索。研究包括在基于丰富度和严谨性的现实主义综合中。此后,开发了上下文-机制-结果(CMO)配置。
结果:我们确定并筛选了3356项研究,最后包括60项研究,描述了22项干预措施。大多数HP干预措施是在高收入国家实施的,包括35-65岁超重/肥胖的白人男性,并使用专业体育俱乐部(主要是足球)进行招募和设施。报告了19项干预措施的定量HP结果。在这19项干预措施中,大多数人报告了体重(n=18),身体活动(n=12),心理健康(n=10),和饮食(n=9)。我们确定了12个与HP干预如何影响男性招募有关的CMO,订婚,和健康行为维护。
结论:我们的研究结果表明,使用体育俱乐部进行HP干预对吸引男性是有效的。通过利用体育俱乐部的身份来促进招聘,解决男性气质相关的障碍,提高可达性,和建立信任。通过共享身份体验增强了参与度,安全空间,包容性竞争,和自我效能感。然而,关于干预后行为维持的证据有限,尽管让社区利益相关者参与似乎至关重要。总的来说,应该考虑避免延续传统的男性规范,这可能会排除一些男人,强化不健康的行为。这些发现可以指导干预发展,强调在这个过程中需要驾驭男人的观点。
BACKGROUND: Health promotion (HP) interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men, but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work, for whom, and under what circumstances. This rapid realist review aims to understand the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases.
METHODS: (a) were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs, (b) targeted men aged 18+ years, and (c) reported 1 or more HP outcome. A grey literature search was also performed. Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor. Hereafter, context-mechanisms-outcome (CMO) configurations were developed.
RESULTS: We identified and screened 3356 studies, finally including 60 studies describing 22 interventions. Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries, included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity, and used professional sports clubs (mostly football) for recruitment and facilities. Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions. Of these 19 interventions, the majority reported on weight (n = 18), physical activity (n = 12), mental health (n = 10), and diet (n = 9). We identified 12 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men\'s recruitment, engagement, and health behavior maintenance.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men. Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs\' identity, addressing
masculinity-related barriers, improving accessibility, and building trust. Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences, safe spaces, inclusive competition, and self-efficacy. However, there\'s limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention, though involving community stakeholders seemed vital. In general, considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms, which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors. These findings can guide intervention development, emphasizing the need to harness men\'s perspectives in the process.