诱导免疫耐受是管理自身免疫性疾病的有希望的策略,过敏,和移植排斥。Tregitopes,一类肽,已经成为这个目的的潜在代理人。它们激活调节性T细胞,这对减少炎症和促进耐受性至关重要,通过与MHCII分子结合并促进其加工和呈递到Treg细胞,从而鼓励其扩散。此外,Tregitopes通过减弱CD80,CD86和II类MHC的表达而影响抗原呈递细胞的表型,同时增强ILT3,从而抑制NF-κB信号通路。各种技术,包括体外和计算机模拟方法,用于识别Tregitope候选人。目前,Tregitopes在平衡免疫激活和耐受性方面发挥着至关重要的作用,在临床应用中,如Pompe病,糖尿病相关抗原,以及预防自身免疫性疾病的自然流产。同样,Tregitopes可以诱导抗原特异性调节性T细胞。它们的抗炎作用在自身免疫性脑脊髓炎等疾病中非常重要,炎症性肠病,和格林-巴利综合征.此外,Tregitopes已被用于增强疫苗设计和功效。在了解IVIG的潜在益处和缺点以及发现Tregitopes的功能和机制方面的最新进展已将Tregitopes引入免疫系统调节的流行选择。预计它们将在自身免疫和免疫疾病的管理和治疗方面带来重大革命。本文是对Tregitopes的全面回顾,总结了这些表位作为免疫疾病治疗途径的潜力。
The induction of immunological tolerance is a promising strategy for managing autoimmune diseases, allergies, and transplant rejection. Tregitopes, a class of peptides, have emerged as potential agents for this purpose. They activate regulatory T cells, which are pivotal in reducing inflammation and promoting tolerance, by binding to MHC II molecules and facilitating their processing and presentation to Treg cells, thereby encouraging their proliferation. Moreover, Tregitopes influence the phenotype of antigen-presenting cells by attenuating the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II while enhancing ILT3, resulting in the inhibition of NF-kappa B signaling pathways. Various techniques, including in vitro and in silico methods, are applied to identify Tregitope candidates. Currently, Tregitopes play a vital role in balancing immune activation and tolerance in clinical applications such as Pompe disease, diabetes-related antigens, and the prevention of spontaneous abortions in autoimmune diseases. Similarly, Tregitopes can induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Their anti-inflammatory effects are significant in conditions such as autoimmune encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Additionally, Tregitopes have been leveraged to enhance vaccine design and efficacy. Recent advancements in understanding the potential benefits and drawbacks of IVIG and the discovery of the function and mechanism of Tregitopes have introduced Tregitopes as a popular option for immune system modulation. It is expected that they will bring about a significant revolution in the management and treatment of autoimmune and immunological diseases. This article is a comprehensive review of Tregitopes, concluding with the potential of these epitopes as a therapeutic avenue for immunological disorders.