The intersection of neuroscience and technology hinges on the development of wearable devices and electrodes that can augment brain networks to improve cognitive capabilities such as learning and concentration. The capacity to enhance networks associated with these functions above baseline capabilities, holds the potential to benefit numerous individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine if electromagnetic field exposure modeled from physiological data would increase instances of flow in participants playing a computer game. The flow state refers to a subjective state of optimal performance experienced by individuals during a variety of tasks. For this study, participants (n = 39, 18-65 years, nfemale = 20) played the arcade game Snake for two ten-minute periods (each with a ten-minute rest period immediately following). For one of the trials, an electromagnetic field was applied bilaterally to the temporal lobes, with the other serving as the control. Brain activity was measured using quantitative electroencephalography, flow experience was measured using the Flow Short Scale and game play scores were also recorded. Results showed deceased beta 1 (12-16 Hz) activity in the left cuneus [t = 4.650, p < 0.01] and left precuneus [t = 4.603, p < 0.01], left posterior cingulate [t = 4.521, p < 0.05], insula [t = 4.234, p < 0.05], and parahippocampal gyrus [t = 4.113, p < 0.05] for trials when the field was active, compared to controls during rest periods. Results from the Flow Short Scale showed a statistically significant difference in mean \"concentration ease\" scores across electromagnetic field conditions, irrespective of difficulty [t = 2.131, p < 0.05]. In the EMF exposure trials, there was no discernible experience effect; participants with prior experience in the game Snake did not exhibit significantly better performance compared to those without prior experience. This anticipated effect was observed in control conditions. The comparable performance observed between novices and experienced players in the EMF condition indicate a noteworthy learning curve for novices. In all, these results provide evidence supporting the ability of EMF patterned from amygdaloid firing (6-20 Hz) to elicit neurological correlates of flow in brain regions previously reported in the literature, facilitate concentration, and subtly improve game scores. The possibility for wearable devices to support learning, concentration, and focus are discussed.

The functional neurons are basic building blocks of the nervous system and are responsible for transmitting information between different parts of the body. However, it is less known about the interaction between the neuron and the field. In this work, we propose a novel functional neuron by introducing a flux-controlled memristor into the FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron model, and the field effect is estimated by the memristor. We investigate the dynamics and energy characteristics of the neuron, and the stochastic resonance is also considered by applying the additive Gaussian noise. The intrinsic energy of the neuron is enlarged after introducing the memristor. Moreover, the energy of the periodic oscillation is larger than that of the adjacent chaotic oscillation with the changing of memristor-related parameters, and same results is obtained by varying stimuli-related parameters. In addition, the energy is proved to be another effective method to estimate stochastic resonance and inverse stochastic resonance. Furthermore, the analog implementation is achieved for the physical realization of the neuron. These results shed lights on the understanding of the firing mechanism for neurons detecting electromagnetic field.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) employs a radiofrequency electromagnetic field to create pictures on a computer. The consequences of radiofrequency (RF) absorption include the heating of the tissue and the patient\'s capacity to remove excess heat. The prospective biological consequences of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) have not yet been demonstrated, and there is not enough evidence on biological hazards to offer a definite response concerning possible RF health dangers. Therefore, it is crucial to research the health concerns in reaction to RF EMFs, considering the entire exposure in terms of patients receiving MRI. Monitoring increases in temperature in-vivo throughout MRI is extremely invasive and has resulted in a rise in the utilization of computational methods to estimate distributions of temperatures. The purpose of this study is to estimate the absorbed power of the brain exposed to RF in patients undergoing brain MRI. A three-dimensional Penne\'s bio-heat equation was modified to computationally analyze the effects of RF radiation at frequencies exceeding 100 kHz exposures on the brain. The instantaneous temperature distributions of the in-vivo tissue in the brain temperatures measured at a time, t = 20.62 seconds is 0.2 °C and t = 30.92 seconds is 0.4 °C, while the highest temperatures recorded at 1.03 minutes and 2.06 minutes were 0.4 °C and 0.6 °C accordingly. From the temperature distributions of the in-vivo tissue in the brain temperatures measured, there is heat build-up in patients who are exposed to electromagnetic frequency ranges, and, consequently, temperature increases within patients are difficult to prevent. The study has, however, indicated that lengthier imaging duration appears to be related to increasing body temperature. .

Electromagnetic fields create potential negative implications on biological systems, including modifications to DNA structure, nuclear condensation, cellular ion transport, and intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. To explore these effects on cancer cells, we exposed prostate, glioblastoma and cervix cancer cell lines to electromagnetic fields of wireless and assessed its anti-proliferative effects. PC3, A172, and HeLa cancer cells were cultured and exposed to electromagnetic fields for 24, 48, and 72 h. We used the MTT assay to detect cell viability and proliferation, Annexin V staining to determine apoptotic cells, and confocal microscopy to measure apoptosis-mediated intracellular calcium signals. Additionally, we performed profiling for apoptosis-related miRNAs. The results indicated that the electromagnetic field triggers apoptosis in the glioblastoma cell line A172 by increasing level of miR-129-5p, a known tumor suppressor. In contrast, the cervix cancer cell line and the prostate cancer cell line remained largely unaffected. In summary, our investigation underscores that electromagnetic fields at a 2.4 GHz frequency may adversely affect certain cancer cell lines, notably triggering apoptosis in the glioblastoma cancer cell line.

There is mounting evidence to suggest that exogenous electromagnetic fields (EMF) may play a significant role in various biological processes that are crucial to therapeutic interventions. EMFs have been identified as a non-invasive, safe, and effective therapy that appears to have no apparent side effects. Numerous studies have demonstrated that pulsed EMFs (PEMFs) have the potential to become a stand-alone or adjunctive treatment modality for managing musculoskeletal disorders. However, several questions remain unresolved. Before their widespread clinical application, further research from well-designed, high-quality studies is required to standardize treatment parameters and determine the optimal protocol for healthcare decision-making. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of musculoskeletal diseases on overall well-being, the limitations of conventional treatments, and the need to explore alternative therapeutic modalities such as electromagnetic field (EMF) therapy. EMF therapy uses low-frequency electromagnetic waves to stimulate tissue repair, reduce inflammation, and modulate pain signals, making it a safe and convenient alternative to conventional treatments. The article also discusses the historical perspective of EMF therapy in medicine. The article highlights the potential of EMF therapy as a personalized and comprehensive care option for musculoskeletal diseases, either alone or in conjunction with other therapies. It emphasizes the imperative for further research in this field and presents a compelling case for the use of EMF therapy in managing musculoskeletal diseases. Overall, the available findings on the underlying cellular and molecular biology support the use of EMF therapy as a viable option for the management of musculoskeletal disorders and stresses the need for continued research in this area.

We examined one of the first published of the several systematic reviews being part of WHO\'s renewed initiative to assess the evidence of associations between man-made radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) and adverse health effects in humans. The examined review addresses experimental studies of pregnancy and birth outcomes in non-human mammals. The review claims that the analyzed data did not provide conclusions certain enough to inform decisions at a regulatory level. Our objective was to assess the quality of this systematic review and evaluate the relevance of its conclusions to pregnant women and their offspring. The quality and relevance were checked on the review\'s own premises: e.g., we did not question the selection of papers, nor the chosen statistical methods. While the WHO systematic review presents itself as thorough, scientific, and relevant to human health, we identified numerous issues rendering the WHO review irrelevant and severely flawed. All flaws found skew the results in support of the review\'s conclusion that there is no conclusive evidence for nonthermal effects. We show that the underlying data, when relevant studies are cited correctly, support the opposite conclusion: There are clear indications of detrimental nonthermal effects from RF-EMF exposure. The many identified flaws uncover a pattern of systematic skewedness aiming for uncertainty hidden behind complex scientific rigor. The skewed methodology and low quality of this review is highly concerning, as it threatens to undermine the trustworthiness and professionalism of the WHO in the area of human health hazards from man-made RF-EMF.

Schwannomas are benign tumors of the peripheral nervous system arising from the transformation of Schwann cells (SCs). On the whole, these tumors are related to alterations of the neurofibromin type 2 gene, coding for the oncosuppressor merlin, a cytoskeleton-associated protein belonging to the ezrin-radixin-moesin family. However, the underlying mechanisms of schwannoma onset and progression are not fully elucidated, whereas one of the challenges might be the environment. In this light, the exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF), generated by the use of common electrical devices, has been defiantly suggested as the cause of SCs transformation even if the evidence was mostly epidemiologic. Indeed, insubstantial mechanisms have been so far identified to explain SCs oncotransformation. Recently, some in vitro evidence pointed out alterations in proliferation and migration abilities in SCs exposed to EMF (0.1 T, 50 Hz, 10 min). Here, we used the same experimental paradigma to discuss the involvement of putative epigenetic mechanisms in SCs adaptation to EMF and to explain the occurrence of hypoxic alterations after the exposure. Our findings indicate a set of environmental-induced changes in SCs, toward a less-physiological state, which may be pathologically relevant for the SCs differentiation and the schwannoma development.

In order to optimize the application effect of induction heating (IH) tundishes, a four-channel IH tundish is taken as the research object. Based on numerical simulation methods, the influence of different relative placement angles of induction heaters and channels on the electromagnetic field, flow field and temperature field of the tundish is investigated. We focus on comparing the magnetic flux density (B) and electromagnetic force (EMF) distribution of the channel. The results show that regardless of the relative placement angle between the heater and the channel, the distribution of B in the central circular cross-section of the channel is eccentric. When the heater rotates around channel 1 towards the bottom of the tundish, the distribution of B in the central circular cross-section of the channel changes from a horizontal eccentricity to a vertical one. Through the analysis of the B contour in the longitudinal section of the channel, the difference in effective magnetic flux density area (ΔAB) between the upper and lower parts of the channel can be obtained, thereby quantitatively analyzing the distribution of B in this section. The distribution pattern of ΔAB is consistent with the distribution pattern of the electromagnetic force in the vertical direction (FZ) of the channel centerline. The ΔAB and FZ of channel 1 gradually increase as the heater rotates downwards, while those of channel 2 reach their maximum value at a rotation angle of 60°. Compared to the conventional placement, when the heater rotation angle is 60°, the outlet flow velocities at channel 1 and channel 2 decrease by 15% and 12%, respectively. However, the outlet temperature at channel 2 increases by 1.96 K, and the molten steel flow at the outlet of channel 1 and channel 2 no longer exhibits significant downward flow. This shows that when the heater rotation angle is 60°, it has a dual advantage. On the one hand, it is helpful to reduce the erosion of the molten steel on the channel and the bottom of the discharging chamber, and on the other hand, it can more effectively exert the heating effect of the induction heater on the molten steel in the channel. This presents a new approach to enhance the application effectiveness of IH tundish.

Dissection of the matter into its constituents leads us to the smallest particles that we know. These particles form a material structure that is determined by the electromagnetic field generated and carried by those particles. Changes in any of the two major constituents leads to changes in that material system, be it a living organism or a lifeless object. The latter statement carries the mystery of life that is born from a continuous and programmed series of system changes fuelled by an energy source with a yet unknown functioning mechanism. The present work is a theoretical approach towards the understanding and potential discovery of the aforementioned, not-yet-known cellular energetic mechanism. Understanding the energetic basis of intracellular biochemistry is equally important in human and animal therapeutics. Additionally, as all such discoveries offer novel solutions in various fields of the global industry, the final outcome of this theoretical work also brings about the idea of a new discovery in electronics industry.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Motor and cognitive deficits and emotional disturbances are long-term consequences of TBI. A lack of effective treatment for TBI-induced neural damage, functional impairments, and cognitive deficits makes it challenging in the recovery following TBI. One of the reasons may be the lack of knowledge underlying the complex pathophysiology of TBI and the regulatory factors involved in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation, neural regeneration, and injury repair. These mechanisms involve a change in the expression of various proteins encoded by genes whose expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs) at the transcriptional level and microRNA (miRs) at the mRNA level. In this pilot study, we performed the RNA sequencing of injured tissues and non-injured tissues from the brain of Yucatan miniswine and analyzed the sequencing data for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the TFs and miRs regulating the expression of DEGs using in-silico analysis. We also compared the effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) applied to the injured miniswine on the expression profile of various DEGs. The results of this pilot study revealed a few DEGs that were significantly upregulated in the injured brain tissue and the EMF stimulation showed effect on their expression profile.