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BACKGROUND: Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by abscesses, nodules, fistulas, and scarring alopecia. Management of this oftentimes debilitating dermatosis can be challenging due to its recalcitrant nature. There is limited data regarding the efficacy of treatment options for DCS.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to explore the efficacy and safety of reported DCS treatments.
METHODS: In October 2022, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles on treatments for DCS. Studies that contained outcome efficacy data for DCS treatments were included. Reviews, conference abstracts, meta-analyses, commentaries, non-relevant articles, and articles with no full-text available were excluded. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers.
RESULTS: A total of 110 relevant articles with 417 patients were identified. A majority of studies (86.4%) were case reports or series. Treatment options included systemic antibiotics, oral retinoids, biologics, procedural treatments, combination agents, and topical treatments. Oral retinoids and photodynamic therapy were the most extensively studied medical and procedural interventions, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate various treatment regimens for DCS and provide patients with a robust, evidence-based approach to therapy.

The follicular occlusion tetrad complex encompasses several entities (hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobata, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, and pilonidal cyst) that share common clinical features, risk factors, and pathophysiology. Follicular occlusion is a crucial triggering mechanism in the etiology in each of these disorders, leading to development of distinctive skin lesions such as deep-seated nodules, abscesses, comedones, and draining sinuses, often with accompanying scarring. Despite the fact that the follicular occlusion tetrad components manifest multiple similarities, they also exhibit many differences among themselves and require individual approaches and treatment.

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Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) is a rare recurrent inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Ideal treatment of DCS remains unclear. We treated DCS with 2940-nm erbium Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser in 12 patients and assessed the efficacy by Physicians Global Assessment (PGA), number of inflammatory nodules, abscesses, and area of alopecia. After a mean treating session of 2.2 months, 10 patients reached PGA 0 (initial PGA 1) or 1 (initial PGA ≥2). At the end of treatment, there was 84%, 100%, and 74% regression in nodules, abscesses, and alopecia area, respectively. No severe adverse effect was observed. 2940-nm erbium: YAG laser may be an effective and safe way to treat DCS resistant to other therapies.

Alopecic and aseptic nodules of the scalp (AANS) and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) are rare, closely related conditions of young men that exclusively affect the hair-bearing scalp. We describe a 9-year-old boy who presented with a 6-year history of chronically relapsing, sterile, partially scarring nodules of the scalp and facial skin. Histopathology revealed mixed inflammatory infiltrates consisting of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the deep dermis, consistent with the morphological pattern of suppurative, partly granulomatous dermatitis. The present atypical case is characterized by prepubertal onset and facial involvement which, to our knowledge, has not yet been described before, may be included in the spectrum of \"typical\" AANS and \"typical\" DCS.

Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) is a rare skin disease and understudied. The aim of the study was to collect the demographic, clinical features and laboratory tests of patients with DCS in a dermatology outpatient clinic. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a department of dermatology in Beijing. Patients whose diagnoses have included DCS were selected from July 2021 to December 2021. DCS patients were stratified according to whether they were follicular occlusion triad (FOT) or not. There were 169 patients with DCS included. All 169 patients were male, and the median patient age was 32 years. The most common comorbidities in this study were seborrheic dermatitis (10.65%). Over 1/3 of patients had elevated white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts, and 12 of 18 patients had dyslipidemia. CD8+ T cell counts increased in 15 of 26 patients while CD4+ T/CD8+ T ratios were all normal. DCS mainly affects men in their thirties. More research about DCS is needed to clarify the clinical significance of laboratory tests.