Connaraceae是一个大约200种的泛热带家族,其中包含藤本植物和小树,具有明显不同的花卉多态性。包括苦恼,琐碎的,友好地,还有Dioecy.迄今为止,家族内的关系尚未使用靶向分子系统发育治疗进行调查,严重限制了对性状进化的系统理解和重建。因此,他们最后的家族下分类仅基于形态学数据。这里,我们使用了使用Angiosperms353核靶序列捕获探针获得的系统基因组数据,对所有部落和几乎所有属进行抽样,完全来自植物标本室标本,修订家族下系分类,研究异型系的演变。所得到的分子系统发育树的骨架几乎完全被解析。仙人掌科由两个分支组成,一个仅包含非洲属Manotes(4或5种),我们在亚家族层面上新认识到的。建议为Manotoideae提供营养和生殖突触。在Connaroideae内,Connareae已扩展到包括前Jollydoreae。Cnestideae的骨干,其中包含了一半以上的孔雀科物种,仍然没有完全解决。提出了生殖系统进化的重建,初步支持作为家庭的祖先状态,有多个并行损失,与先前的假设一致,加上可能的重新收益。然而,样式多态性的多样性及其系统发育不稳定性排除了明确的答案。总的来说,这项研究加强了植物标本室系统基因组学的实用性,并解锁了Connaraceae的生殖多样性,作为复杂生物学现象进化的模型系统。
■在线版本包含补充材料,可在10.1007/s00606-024-01909-y获得。
Connaraceae is a pantropical family of about 200 species containing lianas and small trees with remarkably diverse floral polymorphisms, including distyly, tristyly, homostyly, and dioecy. To date, relationships within the family have not been investigated using a targeted molecular phylogenetic treatment, severely limiting systematic understanding and reconstruction of trait evolution. Accordingly, their last infrafamilial classification was based only on morphological data. Here, we used phylogenomic data obtained using the Angiosperms353 nuclear target sequence capture probes, sampling all tribes and almost all genera, entirely from herbarium specimens, to revise infrafamilial classification and investigate the evolution of heterostyly. The backbone of the resulting molecular phylogenetic tree is almost entirely resolved. Connaraceae consists of two clades, one containing only the African genus Manotes (4 or 5 species), which we newly recognize at the subfamily level. Vegetative and reproductive synapomorphies are proposed for Manotoideae. Within Connaroideae, Connareae is expanded to include the former Jollydoreae. The backbone of Cnestideae, which contains more than half of the Connaraceae species, remains incompletely resolved. Reconstructions of reproductive system evolution are presented that tentatively support tristyly as the ancestral state for the family, with multiple parallel losses, in agreement with previous hypotheses, plus possible re-gains. However, the great diversity of stylar polymorphisms and their phylogenetic lability preclude a definitive answer. Overall, this study reinforces the usefulness of herbarium phylogenomics, and unlocks the reproductive diversity of Connaraceae as a model system for the evolution of complex biological phenomena.
UNASSIGNED: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00606-024-01909-y.