树状叶黄素酵母(X。树突状),以前被称为红法夫酵母,是一种红色酵母,被广泛认为是类胡萝卜素的丰富来源,尤其是虾青素,表现出有效的抗氧化活性和其他促进健康的功能。然而,目前缺乏对食用X的安全性的研究。树枝状。为了解决这个问题,我们进行了一项急性毒性研究,随后进行了一项为期90天的亚慢性毒性试验,以评估X.dendrorhous的安全性并研究其体内抗氧化活性.在急性毒性研究中,Sprague-Dawley大鼠通过管饲法给予最大12g/kg体重的X.树突状粉末,并存活14天,没有任何不良反应。在随后的亚慢性毒性试验中,大鼠随机分为五组,每个人都可以免费获得掺有0%(对照)的饮食,2.5%(低),5%(中),10%(高),和20%(极高)X.树状粉末。老鼠的行为,体重,在90天的实验期间监测食物摄入量。实验结束时,尿液,血,并从大鼠中收集器官进行生化测试。此外,评价了大鼠血清中的抗氧化活性。急性毒性试验结果表明,X.树突状细胞的LD50大于12g/kg体重,表明该物质没有毒性。在90天的亚慢性毒性期间,饲喂10和20%X.树突的雄性大鼠的甘油三酯水平增加到1.54±0.17和1.55±0.25mmol/L(P<0.05),分别。这可能归因于高剂量和极端高剂量组饮食中脂肪含量的升高,比对照高出5.5%和2.5%,分别。此外,脾脏中的白髓表现出增加,极端高剂量组白细胞数增加2.41×109/L(P<0.05),这可能有助于增强免疫力。最后,体重,食物摄入量,血液和尿液指标,大鼠器官的组织病理学检查结果未显示任何常规毒性作用。随着X树枝状的掺假,雄性大鼠GSH-Px活性增加16-36.32%。极端高剂量组雌性大鼠GSH-Px活性提高14.70%(P<0.05)。两个高剂量组雄性大鼠ABTS的自由基清除能力分别提高了6.5%和11.41%(P<0.05)。相比之下,极端高剂量组雄性大鼠MDA含量降低2.73nmol/mL(P<0.05)。这些发现表明,X.树突没有毒性作用,可以高剂量服用,并具有有益的抗氧化作用,可以增强身体的免疫力。
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (X. dendrorhous), previously known as Phaffia rhodozyma, is a red yeast that is widely recognized as a rich source of carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin, which exhibits potent antioxidant activity and other health-promoting functions. However, there is currently a lack of research on the safety of consuming X. dendrorhous. To address this, we conducted an acute toxicity study followed by a 90-day subchronic toxicity trial to evaluate the safety of X. dendrorhous and investigate its in vivo antioxidant activity. In the acute toxicity study, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a maximum of 12 g/kg body weight of X. dendrorhous powder by gavage and survived without any adverse effects for 14 days. In the subsequent subchronic toxicity test, the rats were randomly divided into five groups, each with free access to their diet adulterated with 0% (control), 2.5% (low), 5% (middle), 10% (high), and 20% (extreme high) X. dendrorhous powder. The rats\' behavior, body weight, and food intake were monitored during the 90-day experiment. At the end of the experiment, urine, blood, and organs were collected from the rats for biochemical testing. Additionally, the antioxidant activity in rat sera was evaluated. The results of the acute toxicity test demonstrated that the LD50 of X. dendrorhous was greater than 12 g/kg body weight, indicating that the substance was not toxic. Throughout the 90-day period of subchronic toxicity, the triglyceride levels of male rats fed with 10 and 20% X. dendrorhous increased to 1.54 ± 0.17 and 1.55 ± 0.25 mmol/L (P < 0.05), respectively. This may be attributed to the elevated fat content of the diet in the high-dose and extreme high-dose groups, which was 5.5 and 2.5% higher than that in the control, respectively. Additionally, the white pulp in the spleen exhibited an increase, and the number of white blood cells in the extreme high-dose group increased by 2.41 × 109/L (P < 0.05), which may contribute to enhanced immunity. Finally, the body weight, food intake, blood and urine indexes, and histopathological examination results of the organs of the rats did not demonstrate any regular toxic effects. With the adulteration of X. dendrorhous, the activity of GSH-Px in male rats increased by 16-36.32%. The activity of GSH-Px in female rats of the extreme high-dose group increased by 14.70% (P < 0.05). The free radical scavenging ability of ABTS in male rats in the two high-dose groups exhibited an increase of 6.5 and 11.41% (P < 0.05). In contrast, the MDA content of male rats in the extreme high-dose group demonstrated a reduction of 2.73 nmol/mL (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that X. dendrorhous has no toxic effects, can be taken in high doses, and has a beneficial antioxidant effect that may enhance the body\'s immunity.