弧菌属是水产养殖中常见的病原体,可引起急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)和虾的大量死亡。许多研究表明,植物提取物或有机酸等单一功能成分可以减少对抗生素的依赖,促进水生动物的生长和免疫力。在这项研究中,我们评估了基于植物生物的复合添加剂(Sanacore®GM,SNGM),在鱼类养殖中具有成功的商业应用轨迹。然而,弧菌攻击后对虾肝胰腺健康和肠道微生物群的影响尚未得到很好的评估。在本研究中,太平洋白虾饲喂有或没有补充SNGM的饮食,SNGM等级为0-g/kg(CON),3-g/kg(SNGM3),和5-g/kg(SNGM5)饮食。饲料试验持续了60天,之后进行了副溶血性弧菌攻击。结果表明,与CON组相比,SNGM3和SNGM5组均具有显著更高的增重和更低的饲料转化率以及在副溶血性弧菌攻击后更高的存活率.在成长试验中,SNGM3组有显著增加的总蛋白,白蛋白浓度,与CON组相比,血淋巴中的酸性磷酸酶活性。在挑战实验中,SNGM3和SNGM5组白蛋白和葡萄糖含量以及酚氧化酶活性增加,溶菌酶,碱性磷酸酶,和血淋巴中的超氧化物歧化酶.SNGM3和SNGM5组均改善了肝胰腺和肠的形态。SNGM5组通过增加潜在的益生菌丰度(希瓦氏菌)和降低潜在的致病菌丰度(弧菌,光细菌,假交替单胞菌,和念珠菌_细菌)。总之,3-g/kg水平的基于植物生物的日粮添加剂通过促进免疫相关酶活性,改善肝胰腺和肠道的形态结构以及肠道微生物组成,提高了太平洋白对虾的生长和副溶血弧菌抗性。
Vibrio genus is a common pathogen in aquaculture and causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and massive mortality of shrimp. Many studies have suggested that a single functional ingredient such as plant extract or organic acid can reduce the dependence on antibiotics and promote the growth and immunity of aquatic animals. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a phytobiotic-based compound additive (Sanacore® GM, SNGM), which had a successful trajectory of commercial application in fish farming. However, its effects on the hepatopancreas health and intestinal microbiota of shrimp after Vibrio challenge have not been well evaluated. In the present study, Pacific white shrimp were fed diets with or without supplementation of SNGM, and the SNGM grades were 0-g/kg (CON), 3-g/kg (SNGM3), and 5-g/kg (SNGM5) diets. The feed trial lasted 60 days, after which a Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge was performed. The results showed that compared to the CON group, both the SNGM3 and SNGM5 groups had a significantly higher weight gain and a lower feed conversion ratio as well as higher survival after Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. In the growth trial, the SNGM3 group had a significantly increased total protein, albumin concentration, and acid phosphatase activity in hemolymph compared to the CON group. In the challenge experiment, the SNGM3 and SNGM5 groups had increased albumin and glucose contents as well as the activities of phenoloxidase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and superoxide dismutase in hemolymph. Both the SNGM3 and SNGM5 groups had improved morphology of the hepatopancreas and intestine. The SNGM5 group had alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by Vibrio infection by increasing the potential probiotic bacterium abundance (Shewanella) and decreasing the potential pathogenic bacteria abundance (Vibrio, Photobacteriuma, Pseudoalteromonas, and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma). In conclusion, the dietary phytobiotic-based additive at 3-g/kg level increased the growth and Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance of Pacific white shrimp by promoting immune-related enzyme activities and improving the morphological structure of the hepatopancreas and intestine and the intestinal microbiota composition.