妇科癌症,包括卵巢,子宫颈,子宫内膜,和外阴癌,在全球范围内,诊断和治疗面临重大挑战。肿瘤微环境(TME)在癌症进展和治疗反应中起着关键作用。需要更深入地了解其组成和动态。这篇综述提供了妇科癌症肿瘤微环境的全面概述,强调其细胞复杂性和治疗潜力。TME的不同细胞成分,包括癌细胞,免疫细胞,基质细胞,和细胞外基质元素,正在探索,阐明它们在塑造肿瘤行为和治疗结果中的相互作用。在癌症进展的不同阶段,TME对肿瘤异质性产生深远的影响,免疫调节,血管生成,和代谢重编程。通过了解TME内的免疫逃避机制,强调了新治疗策略的紧迫性。新兴的方法,如免疫疗法,基质靶向疗法,抗血管生成剂,讨论了代谢抑制剂,为改善患者预后提供有希望的途径。强调跨学科合作和转化研究,旨在推进精准肿瘤学,提高妇科癌症的治疗效果。
Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and vulvar cancers, present significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment globally. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and therapy response, necessitating a deeper understanding of its composition and dynamics. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the gynecological cancer tumor microenvironment, emphasizing its cellular complexity and therapeutic potential. The diverse cellular components of the TME, including cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix elements, are explored, elucidating their interplay in shaping tumor behavior and treatment outcomes. Across various stages of cancer progression, the TME exerts profound effects on tumor heterogeneity, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and metabolic reprogramming. The urgency for novel therapeutic strategies is underscored by understanding immune evasion mechanisms within the TME. Emerging approaches such as immunotherapy, stromal-targeting therapies, anti-angiogenic agents, and metabolic inhibitors are discussed, offering promising avenues for improving patient outcomes. Interdisciplinary collaborations and translational research are emphasized, aiming to advance precision oncology and enhance therapeutic efficacy in gynecological cancers.