背景:妊娠期是预防心血管疾病的关键窗口,但是关于饮食模式在心脏代谢健康中的作用知之甚少。我们的目的是确定围概念饮食与2020年至2025年美国人饮食指南的一致性与代谢综合征风险之间的关系。
结果:我们使用了来自未产妊娠结局研究的数据:监测准妈妈心脏健康研究,一项妊娠队列研究,追踪妊娠参与者至产后中位3年(n=4423).从食物频率问卷中估算了受孕前后3个月的常规饮食摄入量。使用健康饮食指数-2020衡量与饮食指南的一致性,其中较高的分数代表较高的一致性。产后代谢综合征的定义使用美国心脏协会/国家心脏,肺,和血液研究所指南。产后3年代谢综合征患病率为20%。在调整了混杂因素后,代谢综合征的患病率在围感健康饮食指数-2020总得分≈60时持平,然后随着得分的增加而急剧下降.与健康饮食指数-2020评分60相比,评分70、80和90与每100个人减少2、4和7例代谢综合征相关,分别(患病率差异:-0.02[95%CI,-0.03,0];-0.04[-0.08,-0.1];-0.07[-0.13,-0.02])。
结论:围绕受孕和系统水平改变以支持高饮食质量的饮食干预对于改善产后心脏代谢健康可能很重要,并有助于逆转或减缓女性心脏代谢健康的下降。
BACKGROUND: The period around pregnancy is a critical window in the primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the role of dietary patterns in cardiometabolic health. Our objective was to determine the association between alignment of periconceptional diet with the 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the risk of metabolic syndrome.
RESULTS: We used data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-Be Heart Health Study, a pregnancy cohort study that followed pregnant participants to a median of 3 years
postpartum (n=4423). Usual dietary intake in the 3 months around conception was estimated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Alignment with the Dietary Guidelines was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2020, where higher scores represent greater alignment.
Postpartum metabolic syndrome was defined using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guideline. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome at 3 years
postpartum was 20%. After adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was flat up to a periconceptional Healthy Eating Index-2020 total score of ≈60, and then declined steeply as scores increased. Compared with a Healthy Eating Index-2020 score of 60, having scores of 70, 80, and 90 were associated with 2, 4, and 7 fewer cases of metabolic syndrome per 100 individuals, respectively (prevalence differences: -0.02 [95% CI, -0.03, 0]; -0.04 [-0.08, -0.1]; -0.07 [-0.13, -0.02]).
CONCLUSIONS: Dietary interventions around conception and systems-level changes to support high diet quality may be important for improving
postpartum cardiometabolic health, and helping to reverse or slow the decline in women\'s cardiometabolic health.