在阿富汗,地下水广泛用于饮用水,但是它的质量对健康构成了威胁。这项研究调查了物理,化学,上喀布尔次盆地地下水的细菌学特征。从研究区域的不同部分收集并分析了15个样品。定性测定参数,如pH,电导率(EC),总溶解固体(TDS),盐度,总硬度,钙,镁,钠,氯化物,氟化物,硫酸盐,磷酸盐,钾,亚硝酸盐,硝酸盐,氨,熨斗,锰,铜,铝,砷,总大肠菌群,并进行了粪便大肠杆菌。将结果与WHO和ANSA标准进行比较,以评估它们是否适合饮酒。分析的样品表明,根据WHO和ANSA标准,物理参数通常落在允许的范围内。然而,某些井显示化学和细菌污染物水平升高。具体来说,所有样品中的镁浓度均超过WHO规定的30mg/L,在53%的样品中,钙水平超过了75mg/L的推荐限值。在33.33%的样本中检出总的大肠杆菌,而粪便大肠杆菌在WHO和ANSA允许的饮用水限制范围内。皮尔逊相关系数(R)表明EC之间存在显著相关性,TDS,和总硬度与其他物理和化学参数。例如,EC与TDS呈较强的正相关(R=1.00),EC和盐度(R=0.981),EC和氟化物(R=0.838)EC和硫酸盐(R=0.853),TDS和盐度(R=0。981),TDS和氟化物(R=0.838),TDS和硫酸盐(R=0.853)。研究结果表明,水质参数的相关系数分析为水质监测提供了有价值的手段。这些结果为确保该地区的安全供水提供了重要见解。
In Afghanistan, groundwater is widely used for drinking water, but its quality poses a health threat. This study investigates the physical, chemical, and bacteriological characteristics of groundwater in the Upper Kabul Sub-basin. Fifteen samples were collected and analyzed from different parts of the study area. The qualitative determination of parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Salinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulfate, Phosphate, Potassium, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia, Iron, Manganese, Copper, Aluminum, Arsenic, Total coliform, and Fecal coliform bacteria was carried out. The results were compared with WHO and ANSA standards to assess their suitability for drinking purposes. The analyzed samples indicate that physical parameters generally fall within permissible limits according to WHO and ANSA standards. However, certain wells exhibited elevated levels of chemical and bacteriological contaminants. Specifically, Magnesium concentrations exceeded the WHO guideline of 30 mg/L in all of the samples, and Calcium levels surpassed the recommended limit of 75 mg/L in 53% of the samples. Total coliform bacteria were detected in 33.33% of the samples, while fecal coliform bacteria were within the WHO and ANSA permissible limit for drinking water. The Pearson\'s correlation coefficient (R) suggested significant correlations between EC, TDS, and total hardness with other physical and chemical parameters. For instance, EC showed a strong positive correlation (R = 1.00) with TDS, EC and Salinity (R = 0.981), EC and Fluoride (R = 0.838) EC and Sulfate (R = 0.853), TDS and Salinity (R = 0. 981), TDS and Fluoride (R = 0.838), TDS and Sulfate (R = 0.853). The findings demonstrate that correlation coefficient analyses of water quality parameters provide a valuable means for monitoring water quality. These results offer critical insights for ensuring a safe water supply in the region.