Refusing to be thwarted, Ceri Stewart\'s third attempt to get into vet school succeeded; her determination has also driven her to enter ultramarathons and she is facing her biggest challenge yet: the Dragon\'s Back Race.

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According to the Federal Council of Medicine\'s demographic data from 2020, the medical specialty with the highest number of women is dermatology; with 77.9% within the total of 9,078 specialists. The male/female ratio is 0.28, that is, for each man, there are more than 3 women Dermatologists. Analyze the participation of women in Brazilian dermatology and their representation in leadership positions through data review. A literature review of the National Library of Medicine PubMed database was performed in May 2022 and data review of the SBD database. According to the Brazilian Society of Dermatology (SBD), about 80% of its associated Doctors are women. Despite this correlation, since its foundation in 1912, the SBD has already had 62 directorates, of which 53 were known to be presided over by men and 4 of them are unknown. Among the directorates that are known, only five (8.62%) were chaired by women.

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BACKGROUND: The gender bias in academic anesthesiology is well known. Women are not only a minority in the field but also underrepresented in leadership positions. Reported reasons for this underrepresentation include barriers to career advancement, lack of mentorship, and differences in compensation, among others. Interventional pain, a competitive procedural subspecialty of anesthesiology, sees the trickle-down effects of this disparity. According to a report from the ACGME that sorted medical subspecialties by number of female trainees, pain medicine ranked in the bottom quartile across all disciplines from 2008-2016.
OBJECTIVE: To better understand the landscape for women physicians in the field of pain medicine, we undertook this investigation to review the knowledge about the topic and what questions remain unanswered.
METHODS: This study is a review of the current literature and aims to summarize and describe the landscape of pain medicine for women physicians.
METHODS: All literature review and manuscript preparation took place at the Yale University School of Medicine.
METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for the combined terms \"gender disparity,\" \"pain medicine,\" and \"anesthesiology,\" limiting our search to the year 2000 onward for the most recent literature on the topic. Our initial search retrieved 38 articles. All relevant articles pertaining to this perspective piece were collated. The available literature is discussed below.
RESULTS: Women are underrepresented in interventional pain. The grim scarcity of female pain physicians is unlikely to improve soon, since while the number of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education pain fellowship programs continues to grow, women trainees comprise only between 22-25% of all pain medicine fellows. Additionally, although studies have compared the numbers of male interventional pain faculty to their female counterparts in academic hospitals and shown the ratio to range from 71.84-82% to 18-28.52%, respectively, no studies have truly explored the landscape for women physicians in private practice. Patients prefer and have better experiences with physicians who are racially and ethnically like themselves. In fact, the preference for and the lack of female clinicians have been associated with delayed pursuit of care and adverse health outcomes. The consequences of the burnout and attrition caused by the gender disparity, especially in a field like pain medicine, cannot be understate.
CONCLUSIONS: The review might not have been comprehensive, and relevant studies might not have been included.
CONCLUSIONS: While the gender disparity in academia is well documented for both anesthesiology and pain medicine, the reasons for this disparity have not been fully explored. Moreover, it is also unknown whether the minority of female physicians who select pain medicine as a subspecialty gravitate toward an academic or a private-practice path. To address the existing gender disparity, it is necessary to explore the landscape of interventional pain medicine in both academic and private practices and understand pain physicians\' beliefs and sentiments regarding their subspecialty.

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UNASSIGNED: Gender gap is a neologism that identifies the disparity between social and professional conditions experienced by females compared to males. The disparity increases as one ascends the academic hierarchy. In recent years, the debate has expanded, and more options have been planned for the elimination of the current gender gap.
UNASSIGNED: This research was conducted by examining the landscape of the gender gap, particularly in the academic forensic medicine field. Our analysis involved reviewing papers published between 2006 and 2024, identified through electronic database searches (PubMed). The search terms used were: \"gender gap\" AND \"academic\" AND \"medicine\" AND \"leadership.\" In total, we analyzed 85 papers. Additionally, we examined data from forensic medicine residency programs.
UNASSIGNED: The representation of women in medicine is well-known. Despite the increasing number of women in leadership positions in medicine, they still lag significantly behind men. These data highlight a situation that could be seen as grounds for an accusation of \"academic abuse\". In the Italian forensic residency programs, less than 20% are led by women, and among these, not all hold the rank of full professor. Although a certain rebalancing is already underway, the gap is still significant. There are already regulations obliging local authorities to promote gender equality in councils, companies, and institutions under their jurisdiction. It would be desirable to consider minimum quotas for female participation in university competitions. This would be a first step toward eliminating the gender gap in academic and forensic medical fields.

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