背景:个人健康监测(PHM)具有增强士兵健康结果的潜力。促进道德上负责任的发展,实施,以及在武装部队中使用PHM,重要的是要意识到PHM的内在伦理维度。为了提高对伦理维度的理解,对现有的关于PHM伦理维度的学术文献进行了范围审查。
方法:四个书目数据库(Ovid/Medline,Embase.com,ClarivateAnalytics/WebofScience核心合集,和Elsevier/SCOPUS)从成立到2023年6月1日进行了相关文献搜索。如果研究充分解决了PHM的道德层面,并且与军队有关或声称与军队有关,则包括这些研究。经过选择和提取,使用定性专题方法分析数据。
结果:总共筛选了9,071个参考。经过资格筛选,本综述包括19篇文章。该评论确定并描述了反映军事中PHM道德维度的三个类别:(1)功利主义考虑,(2)基于价值的考虑,(三)监管责任。被确定为关注的四个主要价值观是隐私,安全,信任,和自主性。
结论:这篇综述表明,武装部队中的PHM主要是从功利主义的角度出发,专注于它的好处,没有对PHM潜在的道德弊端进行明确的批判性审议。此外,该综述强调了一个显著的研究差距,特别是缺乏专门关注PHM伦理维度的实证研究。意识到PHM在军队中固有的伦理层面,包括价值冲突以及如何平衡它们,可以帮助促进道德上负责任的发展,实施,以及在武装部队中使用PHM。
BACKGROUND: Personal Health Monitoring (PHM) has the potential to enhance soldier health outcomes. To promote morally responsible development, implementation, and use of PHM in the armed forces, it is important to be aware of the inherent ethical dimension of PHM. In order to improve the understanding of the ethical dimension, a scoping review of the existing academic literature on the ethical dimension of PHM was conducted.
METHODS: Four bibliographical databases (Ovid/Medline, Embase.com, Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection, and Elsevier/SCOPUS) were searched for relevant literature from their inception to June 1, 2023. Studies were included if they sufficiently addressed the ethical dimension of PHM and were related to or claimed relevance for the military. After selection and extraction, the data was analysed using a qualitative thematic approach.
RESULTS: A total of 9,071 references were screened. After eligibility screening, 19 articles were included for this review. The review identifies and describes three categories reflecting the ethical dimension of PHM in the military: (1) utilitarian considerations, (2) value-based considerations, and (3) regulatory responsibilities. The four main values that have been identified as being of concern are those of privacy, security, trust, and autonomy.
CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates that PHM in the armed forces is primarily approached from a utilitarian perspective, with a focus on its benefits, without explicit critical deliberation on PHM\'s potential moral downsides. Also, the review highlights a significant research gap with a specific lack of empirical studies focussing specifically on the ethical dimension of PHM. Awareness of the inherent ethical dimension of PHM in the military, including value conflicts and how to balance them, can help to contribute to a morally responsible development, implementation, and use of PHM in the armed forces.