生物膜是食品安全的关键因素,造成重大经济损失。在控制生物膜的新策略中,精油(EO)可以代表一种环境友好的方法,能够在生物膜形成的早期和成熟阶段发挥作用。这篇综述报道了EO对五种以其生物膜形成能力而闻名的致病性细菌的抗生物膜作用机制。这些机制包括干扰与群体感应(QS)相关的基因的表达,运动性,附着力,和毒力。生物膜和QS是相互关联的过程,和EO干扰通信系统(例如调节agrBDCA的表达,luxR,luxS,和pqsA基因),从而影响生物膜的形成。此外,QS是调节与细菌存活相关的基因表达的重要机制,毒力,和致病性。同样,EO还影响许多毒力基因的表达。此外,EO发挥它们的作用,调节与细菌粘附和运动相关的基因,例如,那些参与curli(csg)的人,菌毛(FIM,lpf),和鞭毛(fla,fli,flh,和mot)生产,以及负责合成多糖细胞间粘附素的ica基因。这篇综述为更好地理解EOS生物膜作用机制提供了一个全面的框架。
Biofilms are a critical factor for food safety, causing important economic losses. Among the novel strategies for controlling biofilms, essential oils (EOs) can represent an environmentally friendly approach, able to act both on early and mature stages of biofilm formation. This review reports the anti-biofilm mechanisms of action of EOs against five pathogenic bacterial species known for their biofilm-forming ability. These mechanisms include disturbing the expression of genes related to quorum sensing (QS), motility, adhesion, and virulence. Biofilms and QS are interconnected processes, and EOs interfere with the communication system (e.g. regulating the expression of agrBDCA, luxR, luxS, and pqsA genes), thus influencing biofilm formation. In addition, QS is an important mechanism that regulates gene expression related to bacterial survival, virulence, and pathogenicity. Similarly, EOs also influence the expression of many virulence genes. Moreover, EOs exert their effects modulating the genes associated with bacterial adhesion and motility, for example those involved in curli (csg), fimbriae (fim, lpf), and flagella (fla, fli, flh, and mot) production, as well as the ica genes responsible for synthetizing polysaccharide intercellular adhesin. This review provides a comprehensive framework on the topic for a better understanding of EOs biofilm mechanisms of action.