BACKGROUND: Disasters can cause casualties and significant financial loss. In accordance with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, areas affected by disasters must be built back better. Accurate post-disaster damage and loss assessments are critical for the success of recovery programs. This scoping review aimed to identify the components and entities of the healthcare sector\'s post-disaster damage and loss assessment program.
METHODS: An comprehensive search for relevant literature was performed using several databases, including the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Magiran. The search was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2022. In addition, we searched the grey literature for resources related to post-disaster damage and loss assessments. Study selection and data extraction were evaluated by a third reviewer. The main themes were determined through a consensus process and agreement among team members.
RESULTS: A total of 845 papers were identified, 41 of which were included in the review. The grey literature search yielded 1015 documents, 23 of which were associated with the study\'s purpose. The findings were classified into five main themes, 20 subthemes, and 876 codes. The main-themes include the following: Concepts and Definitions; Post-Disaster Damage and Loss Assessment Procedures; Healthcare sector procedures; Assessments Tools, and Methods; Intra-sectoral, Inter-sectoral, and cross-cutting issues.
CONCLUSIONS: The existing corpus of literature on post-disaster damage and loss assessment programs within the healthcare sector offers only limited insights into the entities and components involved. It is of great importance that stakeholders have an extensive grasp of these pivotal concepts and principles, as they are fundamental in enabling effective responses to disasters, informed decision-making, and facilitating rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts. Consequently, there is a considerable scope for further investigation in this area. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: https://osf.io/nj3fk .

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We describe in detail a twofold proposal for the creation, organization and sequential development of two bodies responsible for evaluating the efficiency of health technologies and policies in Spain and its possible design. It would constitute a key element in the process of re-organising the National Health System. The first, which could be adopted immediately, would be called the Office for the Evaluation of the Efficiency of Medicines, would be attached to the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices as a functionally independent body and limited to evaluating the efficiency of medicines. The second, the National Health Evaluation Commission, in the form of an independent administrative body, would evaluate health technologies and possibly public health policies. Functional independence, adequate resources and anchoring in the values of good governance are the defining characteristics of this dual proposal.

Workforce planning ensures that the health workforce is aligned with current and future population needs. Engagement with partners and knowledge users is a leading practice in planning and is essential for planning to be successful. The goal of this study was to explore the considerations and processes involved in integrating engagement into workforce planning. Through a case study of primary care workforce planning in Toronto, we address the role of engagement, how it can be integrated into planning, and how lessons from engagement support spread and scale of effective workforce planning. In the course of engagement with five Ontario Health Teams between September 2023 and February 2024, we learned that there is considerable enthusiasm for planning, but that support is needed, and that engagement guides investment and strengthens relationships. We offer guidance for leaders with respect to actualizing engagement and building capacity for health workforce planning across the health system.

Liver diseases are a significant global cause of morbidity and mortality. Liver cirrhosis can result in severe complications such as bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and infections. Implementing a clear strategy for intensive care unit (ICU) admission management improves patient outcomes. Hemodynamically significant esophageal/gastric variceal bleeding (E/GVB) and grade 4 HE, when accompanied by the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), are definitive indications for ICU admission. E/GVB, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and infections with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) require close and stringent critical assessment. Patients with severe hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) or respiratory failure have increased baseline mortality and most likely benefit from early ICU treatment. Rapid identification of sepsis in patients with liver cirrhosis is a crucial criterion for ICU admission. Prioritizing cases based on mortality risk and clinical urgency enables efficient resource utilization and optimizes patient management. In addition, \"Liver Units\" provide an intermediate care (IMC) level for patients with liver diseases who require close monitoring but do not need immediate intensive care.
UNASSIGNED: Lebererkrankungen sind global eine bedeutende Ursache für Morbidität und Mortalität. Leberzirrhose kann zu schwerwiegenden Komplikationen wie Blutungen, hepatischer Enzephalopathie (HE) und Infektionen führen. Eine klare Strategie zum Aufnahmemanagement auf die Intensivstation (ITS) verbessert die Patientenversorgung. Hämodynamisch relevante Ösophagus‑/Magenvarizenblutungen (ÖVB/MVB) und eine HE Grad 4, begleitet von der Notwendigkeit einer Nierenersatztherapie (NET), sind definitive Indikationen für eine Aufnahme auf die ITS. ÖVB/MVB, spontane bakterielle Peritonitis (SBP) und Infektionen mit multiresistenten Erregern (MRE) erfordern eine hochkritische Bewertung. Patienten mit schwerem hepatorenalen Syndrom (HRS) oder respiratorischem Versagen weisen eine erhöhte Basismortalität auf und profitieren mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit von einer frühzeitigen Behandlung auf der ITS. Die rasche Identifizierung von Sepsis bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose ist ein entscheidendes Kriterium für die Aufnahme auf die ITS. Eine Fallpriorisierung basierend auf dem Mortalitätsrisiko und der klinischen Dringlichkeit ermöglicht eine effiziente Ressourcennutzung und optimiert das Patientenmanagement. Zusätzlich bieten „Liver Units“ eine Versorgungsebene mit Intermediate-Care(IMC)-Standard für Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen, die eine engmaschige Überwachung, aber keine unmittelbare intensivmedizinische Behandlung benötigen.

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The Global Financing Facility (GFF) supports national reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, adolescent health, and nutrition needs. Previous analysis examined how adolescent sexual and reproductive health was represented in GFF national planning documents for 11 GFF partner countries.
This paper furthers that analysis for 16 GFF partner countries as part of a Special Series.
Content analysis was conducted on publicly available GFF planning documents for Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, CAR, Côte d\'Ivoire, Guinea, Haiti, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tajikistan, Vietnam. Analysis considered adolescent health content (mindset), indicators (measure) and funding (money) relative to adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs, using a tracer indicator.
Countries with higher rates of adolescent pregnancy had more content relating to adolescent reproductive health, with exceptions in fragile contexts. Investment cases had more adolescent content than project appraisal documents. Content gradually weakened from mindset to measures to money. Related conditions, such as fistula, abortion, and mental health, were insufficiently addressed. Documents from Burkina Faso and Malawi demonstrated it is possible to include adolescent programming even within a context of shifting or selective priorities.
Tracing prioritisation and translation of commitments into plans provides a foundation for discussing global funding for adolescents. We highlight positive aspects of programming and areas for strengthening and suggest broadening the perspective of adolescent health beyond the reproductive health to encompass issues, such as mental health. This paper forms part of a growing body of accountability literature, supporting advocacy work for adolescent programming and funding.
Main findings: Adolescent health content is inconsistently included in the Global Financing Facility country documents, and despite strong or positive examples, the content is stronger in investment cases than project appraisal documents, and diminishes when comparing content, indicators and financing.Added knowledge: Although adolescent health content is generally strongest in countries with the highest proportion of births before age 18, there are exceptions in fragile contexts and gaps in addressing important issues related to adolescent health.Global health impact for policy and action: Adolescent health programming supported by the Global Financing Facility should build on examples of strong country plans, be more consistent in addressing adolescent health, and be accompanied by public transparency to facilitate accountability work such as this.

BACKGROUND: Achieving universal health coverage requires using research evidence to inform decision-making. However, little information is available on the use of research evidence in planning in lower middle-income countries, including Tanzania. This paper presents a protocol that aims to investigate the usage of research evidence in health planning, determinants and readiness of the planning team members to use knowledge translation tools in Tanzania.
METHODS: This study will employ a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, with participants selected from national, regional and council levels. Qualitative data will be collected through a maximum of 52 in-depth interviews and 12 focused group discussions until saturation. To collect quantitative data, a structured questionnaire will be used to survey 422 participants, and a document review will be conducted from health facilities. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis, while descriptive and inferential analyses will be employed for quantitative data.
BACKGROUND: The study participants will provide written informed consent, and all recorded data will be stored on a secured research server accessible only to the investigators. Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Dodoma Research Ethics Committee (ref. MA.84/261/02/\'A\'/64/91). The findings of this study will inform policymakers, researchers and implementers in the country on the use of research evidence in decision-making. We will disseminate our findings through publications, conferences, workshops and interactive communication with national, regional, council and health facility planning teams.

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