Environmental Science

环境科学
  • 文章类型: Editorial
    我们想借此机会感谢所有环境科学:过程与影响审稿人帮助保持化学科学文献的质量和完整性。我们还想强调环境科学的杰出审稿人:2023年的过程和影响。
    We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts\' reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts in 2023.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    红树林双壳类动物,阿纳达拉·结核病和阿纳达拉·西米尼斯,对哥伦比亚太平洋沿岸红树林生态系统和经济至关重要。在这项研究中,这些双壳类动物当前和未来的潜在分布是考虑气候变化而建模的。考虑到IPCC在其第六次报告中提出的新的气候情景(SSP1,SSP2和SSP5),预测了未来的模型(2030和2050)。我们的发现揭示了哥伦比亚太平洋沿岸的地区,尤其是纳里尼奥,考卡,考卡山谷南部,还有乔科,这些双壳类动物具有很高的环境适应性。然而,2050年的预测,特别是在悲观的SSP5情景下,表明气候变化的潜在不利影响。到2030年和2050年,该物种可能会更倾向于哥伦比亚太平洋沿岸的西南分布。在某些地区,双壳类动物和红树林之间可能会发生气候引起的时空错配。这些见解对于这些物种的有效保护和管理策略至关重要。
    The mangrove bivalves, Anadara tuberculosa and Anadara similis, are pivotal for the Colombian Pacific coast mangrove ecosystems and economies. In this study, the current and future potential distribution of these bivalves is modeled considering climate change. The future models (2030 and 2050) were projected considering the new climate scenarios (SSP1, SSP2, and SSP5) proposed by the IPCC in its sixth report. Our findings reveal areas in the Colombian Pacific coast, notably Nariño, Cauca, southern Valle del Cauca, and Chocó, with high environmental suitability for these bivalves. However, the 2050 projections, especially under the pessimistic SSP5 scenario, indicate potential adverse impacts from climate change. By 2030 and 2050, the species might lean more toward a southwesterly distribution in the Colombian Pacific coast. Climate-induced spatiotemporal mismatches could occur between the bivalves and the mangroves in some areas. These insights are crucial for effective conservation and management strategies for these species.
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  • 文章类型: News
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    遵循在奥斯陆举行的第16届国际化学与环境会议(ICCE)的传统,挪威(2017年),以及随后在塞萨洛尼基举行的第17届ICCE,希腊(2019年),在威尼斯举行的第18届ICCE上组织了一次关于环境科学高等教育的后续会议,意大利(2023年6月)。会议的目的是促进就研究生和研究生教育方案交流经验和知识,包括他们的发展,优先次序,和执行。会议讨论了实践培训活动的整合,其中包括环境化学在各种学士和硕士课程的整合。目的是证明环境化学作为跨学科科学学科的多功能性,可以开发必要的绿色技能,为明天的环境专家制定可持续战略。此外,会议期间,与会者进行了一项调查,收集听众对环境化学教育(及相关领域)的态度和看法。
    Following the tradition of the 16th International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment (ICCE) in Oslo, Norway (2017), and the subsequent 17th ICCE in Thessaloniki, Greece (2019), a follow-up session on higher education in environmental science was organized at the 18th ICCE in Venice, Italy (June 2023). The aim of the session was to stimulate the exchange of experiences and knowledge on graduate and post-graduate level educational programmes, including their development, prioritization, and implementation. The session discussed the integration of practical training activities, which included the integration of environmental chemistry in various bachelor\'s and master\'s programmes. The aim was to demonstrate the versatility of environmental chemistry as an interdisciplinary scientific discipline that allows the development of essential green skills for developing sustainable strategies for the environmental experts of tomorrow. Furthermore, during the session, a survey was conducted among the conference participants to collect attitudes and reflections from the audience on the education of environmental chemistry (and related fields).
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    位于沿海的城市中心使一些最脆弱的人群受到气候变化的影响。除了人口密度高和相互依存的社会生态系统所面临的挑战之外,对资源的需求越来越大。暴露已经对极端天气敏感的关键点,强调了在面对气候变化时最不具有弹性的城市系统。我们在几个空间尺度上将水供应的预计变化映射到食物-水-能源关系的组成部分上。弹性思维承认治理运作的不同空间尺度,弹性发生,和Nexus系统功能。我们使用一个案例研究来说明气候变化在远离城市的地方的影响如何通过Nexus的级联效应以多种方式影响城市社区的复原力。本文强调需要从多个空间和治理角度检查弹性。
    Urban centers located on the coast expose some of the most vulnerable populations to the effects of climate change. In addition to the challenges faced by high population densities and interdependent social-ecological systems, there is an increasing demand for resources. Exposing the pinch points that are already sensitive to extreme weather, highlights the urban systems that will be least resilient in the face of climate change. We map the projected changes in water availability onto the components of the food-water-energy Nexus at several spatial scales. Resilience thinking acknowledges the different spatial scales at which governance operates, resilience occurs, and Nexus systems function. We use a case study to illustrate how the effects of climate change at locations remote from the city could impact resilience of urban communities in multiple ways through cascading effects from the Nexus. This article underscores the need to examine resilience from multiple spatial and governance angles.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    气候变化对人类的健康和表现产生重要影响,越来越多的研究记录了不舒适的温度对工作场所绩效的负面影响。在这项研究中,我们研究了极端温度的因果关系,即,不舒服,政治家的语言复杂性,利用固定效应策略。我们分析了八个国家超过700万份议会演讲的语言复杂性,将它们与精确的每日气象信息联系起来。我们发现炎热的日子降低了政客的语言复杂性,但不是寒冷的日子。关注一个国家,我们探索年龄和性别的边际效应,这表明高温会显著影响较低门槛的年长政客。研究结果表明,政治言论不仅受政治环境和战略考虑的驱动,而且受对外部环境因素的生理反应的驱动。总的来说,这项研究对气候变化如何影响人类的认知表现和政治话语的质量具有重要意义。
    Climate change carries important effects on human wellbeing and performance, and increasingly research is documenting the negative impacts of out-of-comfort temperatures on workplace performance. In this study, we investigate the plausibly causal effect of extreme temperatures, i.e., out-of-comfort, on language complexity among politicians, leveraging a fixed effects strategy. We analyze language complexity in over seven million parliamentary speeches across eight countries, connecting them with precise daily meteorological information. We find hot days reduce politicians\' language complexity, but not cold days. Focusing on one country, we explore marginal effects by age and gender, suggesting high temperatures significantly impact older politicians at lower thresholds. The findings propose that political rhetoric is not only driven by political circumstances and strategic concerns but also by physiological responses to external environmental factors. Overall, the study holds important implications on how climate change could affect human cognitive performance and the quality of political discourse.
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  • 文章类型: News
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    环境污染(EP)与技术创新之间的联系对于实现可持续发展至关重要。然而,现有文献较少关注环境管理中高质量创新(HI)的新形式。本文利用2008-2020年中国31个省份的面板数据,采用两阶段最小二乘法考察了HI与EP之间的关系。实证结果表明,HI能有效降低EP,经过多次稳健性测试后,这种影响在中国南方更为明显。同时,HI推动清洁高效的能源转型,降低EP。此外,环境规制的增加削弱了HI对EP的影响。本研究的主要贡献是构建了一个包括创新在内的HI指数,人力资本,以及政府的支持,并考察其对中国EP的影响。调查结果鼓励政府实施创新驱动型转型政策,节能减排。
    The nexus between environmental pollution (EP) and technological innovation is crucial for achieving sustainable development. However, existing literature has paid less attention to the new form of high-quality innovation (HI) in environmental management. This paper uses panel data from 31 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2020, employing the two-stage least squares method to investigate the relationship between HI and EP. The empirical results reveal that HI can effectively reduce the EP, which holds after multiple robustness tests, and this effect is more obvious in southern China. Meanwhile, HI drives clean and efficient energy transition and decreases EP. Moreover, increased environmental regulation weakens the influence of HI on EP. The major contributions of this study are constructing an HI index including innovation, human capital, and government support and examining its influence on EP in China. The findings encourage government to implement policies of innovation-driven transformation, energy conservation and emissions reduction.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    清洁供暖政策旨在减少空气污染,并可能为个人带来健康益处。基于以北京为中心的固定效应模型,这项研究发现,空气污染开始后,每日门诊就诊,住院天数,空气污染发生后几天,住院费用增加。在男性和女性以及三个不同年龄段中观察到了这些住院变化。建立了差异差异(DID)模型,以确定更清洁的供暖政策对健康后果的影响。研究表明,这项政策对健康结果有积极影响,所有疾病的诊所平均减少3.28万。总住院天数和费用趋于减少0.22万日和34万元人民币(人民币),分别。此外,实施该政策大大减少了呼吸系统疾病的日常诊所就诊次数,哮喘,中风,糖尿病,和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPDs)。
    Cleaner heating policies aim to reduce air pollution and may bring about health benefits to individuals. Based on a fixed-effect model focusing on Beijing, this study found that after the onset of air pollution, daily clinic visits, hospitalization days, and hospitalization expenses increased several days after the occurrence of air pollution. These hospitalization changes were observed in males and females and three different age groups. A difference-in-differences (DID) model was constructed to identify the influences of cleaner heating policies on health consequences. The study revealed that the policy positively affects health outcomes, with an average decrease of 3.28 thousand clinic visits for all diseases. The total hospitalization days and expenses tend to decrease by 0.22 thousand days and 0.34 million CNY (Chinese Yuan), respectively. Furthermore, implementing the policy significantly reduced the number of daily clinic visits for respiratory diseases, asthma, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs).
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    生物能源开发对于实现碳中和至关重要。来自农业的生物质残留物,森林,和牲畜粪便在中国提供了大量的生物能源资源,但是他们的可用性,气候,经济影响尚未得到系统评估。在这里,我们评估生物质的可持续性,生物能源潜力,减少温室气体排放(GHG),和使用集成数据建模方法的成本效益。在全国范围内,只有27%的生物质可以用于可持续的生物能源生产,但可以通过优化区域利用来显著缓解气候变化。生物能源的年度温室气体减排量可达到1.0GtCO2e,或1.4GtCO2e用于具有碳捕获和储存的生物能源(BECCS),与中国陆地生态系统碳汇总量相当。减排成本因地区而异,但低于许多其他碳去除技术。我们的发现揭示了有助于碳中和的特定区域生物能源途径,并鼓励未来评估,以探索包括技术进步和碳市场在内的因素。
    Bioenergy development is critical for achieving carbon neutrality. Biomass residues from agriculture, forest, and livestock manure provide substantial bioenergy resources in China, but their availability, climate, and economic impacts have not been evaluated systematically. Here we assess biomass sustainability, bioenergy potential, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reduction, and cost-effectiveness using an integrated data-modeling approach. Nationally, only 27% of biomass can be used for sustainable bioenergy production, but can contribute to significant climate change mitigation with optimized regional utilization. The annual GHG reduction can reach 1.0 Gt CO2e for bioenergy, or 1.4 Gt CO2e for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is comparable to total terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks in China. The abatement cost varies regionally but is lower than many other carbon removal technologies. Our findings reveal region-specific bioenergy pathways that contribute to carbon neutrality, and encourage future assessments to explore factors including technological advances and carbon markets.
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