CPAP

cpap
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目前的气道正压通气设备的成本为新西兰元800-2500美元,这对全球约10亿睡眠呼吸暂停患者和研究呼吸系统疾病的人构成了财务障碍。在该领域不断增加的诊断和研究兴趣需要低成本,容易获得的替代。因此,MEPAP,一个高质量的,多用途,低成本(250新西兰元)气道正压通气装置,是专门为呼吸系统疾病研究设计和原型的,特别是睡眠呼吸暂停。mePAP允许用户定制,并为研究人员提供了一个负担得起的工具来测试气道正压算法。与典型的商业设备不同,mePAP具有开源数据收集和易于修改的软件的适应性,用于实施和分析不同的控制和诊断算法。它具有三种控制模式:恒定;双层;和自动;并提供4至20cmH2O的压力,通过Wi-Fi通过手机应用程序控制,在面罩处添加了一个微型传感器,以提高精度。验证测试表明,mePAP的性能与黄金标准的Fisher&Paykel设备相当,具有极其相似的输出压力。MEPAP的低成本提高了可及性和公平性,允许研究人员测试睡眠呼吸暂停和其他呼吸状况的通气算法,所有数据都可公开用于分析。其适应性和多种应用增加了其在各种研究和临床设置中的可用性和实用性。
    Current positive airway pressure devices cost NZ$800-$2500, posing a financial barrier for the estimated 1 billion individuals worldwide with sleep apnea and those researching respiratory diseases. Increasing diagnoses and research interest in the area necessitate a low-cost, easily accessible alternative. Thus, the mePAP, a high-quality, multipurpose, low-cost (∼NZ$250) positive airway pressure device, was designed and prototyped specifically for respiratory disease research, particularly for sleep apnea. The mePAP allows user customization and provides researchers with an affordable tool for testing positive airway pressure algorithms. Unlike typical commercial devices, the mePAP offers adaptability with open-source data collection and easily modifiable software for implementing and analysing different control and diagnostic algorithms. It features three control modes: constant; bilevel; and automatic; and provides pressures from 4 to 20 cmH2O, controlled via a phone app through Wi-Fi, with a mini-sensor added at the mask for increased accuracy. Validation tests showed the mePAP\'s performance is comparable to a gold-standard Fisher & Paykel device, with extremely similar output pressures. The mePAP\'s low cost enhances accessibility and equity, allowing researchers to test ventilation algorithms for sleep apnea and other respiratory conditions, with all data openly available for analysis. Its adaptability and multiple applications increase its usability and usefulness across various research and clinical settings.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患儿中,传统的远程医疗随访被证明不适合家庭持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗。伴随着移动互联网的发展,本研究探讨了移动通信和远程监护系统作为一种新颖的双向远程医疗方法的可行性和有效性,以提高OSAS儿童对家庭CPAP的依从性。
    方法:将2022年1月至12月(TM)使用双向远程医疗随访的前瞻性队列与2018年8月至2021年12月(CP)接受常规电话随访的回顾性队列进行比较。TM组的参与者根据第一周的询问次数分为两组:高问题组和低问题组。主要终点包括成功的CPAP适应和随访2个月时的依从性。
    结果:与CP组相比,TM组在2个月内的终止率明显较低(1/24vs.6/22,p=0.037)。在家庭CPAP的第一周,与低问题组相比,高问题组报告平均每晚使用时间较短,使用时间≥4小时的天数较少(每晚5小时与每晚8.5小时,4.5天vs.7天,两者p<0.001)。然而,在剩余的研究期间,高问题组的依从性从第二周开始显著改善.
    结论:双向远程医疗是提高OSAS患儿对家庭CPAP治疗依从性的有效可行方法。考虑到成本,研究人员建议应用至少1周的双向远程医疗,以更好地提高长期依从性.
    BACKGROUND: Traditional telemedicine follow-up proves unsuitable for home continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Accompanying advancements in mobile internet, this study explores the feasibility and effectiveness of a mobile communication and remote monitoring system as a novel bidirectional telemedicine approach to enhance adherence to home CPAP in children with OSAS.
    METHODS: A prospective cohort utilizing bidirectional telemedicine follow-up from January to December 2022 (TM) was compared with a retrospective cohort receiving conventional phone follow-up from August 2018 to December 2021 (CP). Participants in TM group were subdivided into two groups based on the number of inquiries in the first week: a high-question group and a low-question group. The main endpoints included successful CPAP adaption and adherence at 2 months of follow-up.
    RESULTS: The TM group exhibited a significantly lower termination rate within 2 months compared to the CP group (1/24 vs. 6/22, p = 0.037). In the first week of home CPAP, the high-question group reported shorter average nightly usage and fewer days with usage of ≥4 h compared to the low-question group (5 h per night vs. 8.5 h per night, 4.5 days vs. 7 days, both p < 0.001). However, the high-question group showed significant improvement in adherence from the second week onward for the remainder of the study period.
    CONCLUSIONS: Bidirectional telemedicine represents an effective and feasible method to improve adherence to home CPAP therapy in children with OSAS. Considering the costs, researchers recommend applying bidirectional telemedicine for at least 1 week to better enhance long-term adherence.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:本系统评价的目的是评估与OSA相关的可改变的危险因素,并分析仅针对该疾病的预防的现有出版物。
    方法:研究集中在OSA的预防策略和可改变的危险因素可以纳入。为以下每个书目数据库开发了详细的个人搜索策略:Cochrane,EMBASE,MEDLINE,PubMed和LILACS。还交叉检查了这些文章中引用的参考文献,并使用GoogleScholar进行了部分灰色文献搜索。使用诊断准确性研究的14项质量评估工具对选定研究的方法进行评估。
    结果:搜索结果产生了720份出版物,检查了OSA的危险因素和预防,以及生活方式的改变。其中,对这些手稿的摘要和内容进行了彻底的评估,导致拒绝了除四篇论文外的所有论文,后者被纳入本系统审查。相比之下,关于“治疗学”的搜索显示,发表了23,674篇关于OSA的文章,清楚地说明了预防努力与专注于治疗的努力之间的不平衡。
    结论:尽管医学技术进步的重要性和益处,考虑OSA患者的需求及其后果,促使人们倡导预防该疾病。因此,尽管经济利益只关注诊断和治疗,优先以整体避免OSA为目标的策略成为主要优先事项。因此,公共和医疗保健提供者教育,多维预防,在全球范围内应鼓励OSA的早期诊断。
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the modifiable risk factors associated with OSA and analyze extant publications solely focused on prevention of the disease.
    METHODS: Studies focused on prevention strategies for OSA and modifiable risk factors were eligible for inclusion. A detailed individual search strategy for each of the following bibliographic databases was developed: Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and LILACS. The references cited in these articles were also crosschecked and a partial grey literature search was undertaken using Google Scholar. The methodology of selected studies was evaluated using the 14-item Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.
    RESULTS: Search resulted in 720 publications examining risk factors and prevention of OSA, as well as lifestyle modifications. Of these, a thorough assessment of the abstracts and content of each of these manuscripts led to the rejection of all but four papers, the latter being included in this systematic review. In contrast, a search regarding \'Therapeutics\' showed that 23,674 articles on OSA were published, clearly illustrating the imbalance between the efforts in prevention and those focused on therapeutics.
    CONCLUSIONS: Notwithstanding the importance and benefits of technological advances in medicine, consideration of the needs of people with OSA and its consequences prompts advocacy for the prevention of the disease. Thus, despite the economic interests that focus only on diagnosis and treatment, strategies preferentially aimed at overall avoidance of OSA emerge as a major priority. Thus, public and healthcare provider education, multidimensional prevention, and early diagnosis of OSA should be encouraged worldwide.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:婴儿呼吸衰竭是进入儿科ICU(PICU)的常见原因。尽管高流量鼻插管(HFNC)是我们机构首选的一线治疗方法,一些婴儿需要CPAP或非侵入性通气(NIV)。在这里,我们报告了我们在<10kg的婴儿中使用CPAP/NIV的经验。
    方法:我们对2017年7月至2021年5月在我们的PICUs中接受CPAP/NIV治疗的<10kg的婴儿进行了回顾性研究。人口统计,支持类型和设置,生命体征,脉搏血氧饱和度,并从电子健康记录中提取插管数据。我们将成功接受CPAP/NIV治疗的受试者与需要插管的受试者进行了比较。
    结果:我们研究了62名受试者,中位年龄(四分位距)96[6.5-308]d,体重4.5(3.4-6.6)kg。其中,22(35%)需插管。人口统计学没有显著差异,病史,主接口,预CPAP/NIV支持,和用于提供CPAP/NIV的装置。在升级到CPAP/NIV之前,57名(92%)受试者使用了HFNC。CPAP/NIV失败的受试者患毛细支气管炎的可能性较小(27%vs60%,P=.040),从医院出院回家的可能性较小(68%对93%,P=.02),住院时间中位数(LOS)较长(26.9[21-50.5]dvs10.4[5.6-28.4]d,P=.002),ICULOS中位数(14.6[7.9-25.2]dvs5.8[3.8-12.4]d,P=.004)。最初的生命体征和FIO2相似,但对于CPAP/NIV失败的受试者,在支持开始后6小时和12小时,SpO2较低,FIO2较高。最初的CPAP/NIV设置相似,但是CPAP/NIV失败的受试者的最大和最终吸气/呼气压更高。
    结论:大多数最初的HFNC支持失败的婴儿在没有插管的情况下使用NIV或CPAP治疗成功。毛细支气管炎与CPAP/NIV失败率较低相关,而较低的SpO2和较高的FIO2水平与较高的插管率相关。
    BACKGROUND: Respiratory failure in infants is a common reason for admission to the pediatric ICU (PICU). Although high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is the preferred first-line treatment at our institution, some infants require CPAP or noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Here we report our experience using CPAP/NIV in infants < 10 kg.
    METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of infants < 10 kg treated with CPAP/NIV in our PICUs between July 2017-May 2021 in the initial phase of treatment. Demographic, support type and settings, vital signs, pulse oximetry, and intubation data were extracted from the electronic health record. We compared subjects successfully treated with CPAP/NIV with those who required intubation.
    RESULTS: We studied 62 subjects with median (interquartile range) age 96 [6.5-308] d and weight 4.5 (3.4-6.6) kg. Of these, 22 (35%) required intubation. There were no significant differences in demographics, medical history, primary interface, pre-CPAP/NIV support, and device used to deliver CPAP/NIV. HFNC was used in 57 (92%) subjects before escalation to CPAP/NIV. Subjects who failed CPAP/NIV were less likely to have bronchiolitis (27% vs 60%, P = .040), less likely to be discharged from the hospital to home (68% vs 93%, P = .02), had a longer median hospital length of stay (LOS) (26.9 [21-50.5] d vs 10.4 [5.6-28.4] d, P = .002), and longer median ICU LOS (14.6 [7.9-25.2] d vs 5.8 [3.8-12.4] d, P = .004). Initial vital signs and FIO2 were similar, but SpO2 was lower and FIO2 higher at 6 h and 12 h after support initiation for subjects who failed CPAP/NIV. Initial CPAP/NIV settings were similar, but subjects who failed CPAP/NIV had higher maximum and final inspiratory/expiratory pressure.
    CONCLUSIONS: Most infants who failed initial HFNC support were successfully managed without intubation using NIV or CPAP. Bronchiolitis was associated with a lower rate of CPAP/NIV failure, whereas lower SpO2 and higher FIO2 levels were associated with higher rates of intubation.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:本研究的目的是评估高流量(HF)或持续气道正压通气(CPAP)通气的医院间转院患者到三级儿科医院ED的儿科重症监护病房(PICU)入院需求的预测因素。
    方法:对转入该州三级儿科医院的患者进行单中心回顾性研究。获得人口统计信息和疾病管理信息。
    结果:在2021年10月至2022年9月之间,有53例患者因HF或CPAP被转移到三级医院。其中,23需要进入PICU。入院的PICU患者的吸入氧气中位数高于未入院的患者(分别为0.4和0.3,P=0.013)。通过公路(vs飞行)运送的患者更有可能(20/23患者,RR=3.15,P=0.016)进入PICU(56%vs18%)。那些在转院前或转院期间接受过CPAP的患者更有可能需要进入PICU(P=0.012)。
    结论:我们已经证明,需要CPAP治疗呼吸道疾病的儿童在转移到三级儿科医院时更有可能需要PICU护理。此外,那些在HF试验后从二级大城市医院转院的患者也可能需要PICU护理.这表明这些患者应该直接进入PICU,允许改善患者体验和流量,并减少不必要的ED资源利用。
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the predictors of need for paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission for inter-hospital transfer patients to a tertiary paediatric hospital ED on high flow (HF) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation.
    METHODS: Single-centre retrospective study of patients transferred to the state\'s tertiary paediatric hospital. Demographic information and disease management information was obtained.
    RESULTS: Between October 2021 and September 2022, 53 patients were transferred to the tertiary hospital on HF or CPAP. Of these, 23 required admission to PICU. Those admitted to PICU had a higher median fraction of inspired oxygen than those not admitted (0.4 vs 0.3, respectively, P = 0.013). Patients transported by road (vs flight) were more likely (20/23 patients, RR = 3.15, P = 0.016) to be admitted to PICU (56% vs 18%). Those who had received CPAP prior to or during transfer were more likely to require PICU admission (P = 0.012).
    CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that children who require CPAP to manage their respiratory disease are more likely to require PICU care on transfer to the tertiary paediatric hospital. In addition, those patients being transferred from secondary metropolitan hospitals after a trial of HF are also likely to require PICU care. This suggests that these patients should be directly admitted to PICU, allowing for improved patient experience and flow as well as reducing unnecessary ED resource utilisation.
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  • 文章类型: Editorial
    暂无摘要。
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:我们的研究旨在表征足月和近月新生儿分娩后立即记录的肺部超声(LUS)模式,并调查在该点观察到的LUS评分或模式是否可以预测所研究患者样本中对呼吸支持的需求。
    方法:我们进行了两次超声检查:一次在产房,第二次在一小时大时。检查了两个肺的前部和外侧区域。我们评估了LUS评分或模式与胎龄之间的相关性,脐动脉血气,需要呼吸支持(CPAP或机械通气),呼吸窘迫的存在,和氧气管理的需要。
    结果:产房检查中的LUS评分(8.05±1.95)明显高于1h时的(6.4±1.75)(p<0.001)。在产房检查和1小时时进行的检查之间,在不同肺部区域观察到的LUS模式之间也存在统计学上的显着差异(p值在0.001和0.017之间)。在产房检查时,不同肺部区域之间的LUS模式也存在差异(右前区域LUS模式明显差于右外侧LUS模式(p<0.004),左前LUS模式(p<0.001),和左侧LUS模式(p<0.001))。LUS评分与患者的孕龄之间存在统计学上的显着相关性(r=0.568,p<0.001-分娩室;r=4.0443,p<0.001-一小时)。LUS评分之间存在统计学上显著的关联,分娩时的模式(p<0.001)和1小时年龄(p<0.001),以及需要呼吸支持(CPAP或机械通气)。
    结论:产房中的LUS提供了有关肺液消除和肺通气的重要信息,早期LUS特征与呼吸窘迫的风险和呼吸支持的需要显著相关。
    OBJECTIVE: our study aimed to characterize the lung ultrasound (LUS) patterns noted immediately after delivery in term and near-term neonates, and to investigate whether the LUS scores or patterns observed at that point could anticipate the need for respiratory support in the sample of patients studied.
    METHODS: We performed two ultrasound examinations: one in the delivery room and the second at one hour of age. The anterior and lateral regions of both lungs were examined. We assessed the correlation between the LUS scores or patterns and the gestational age, umbilical arterial blood gases, the need for respiratory support (CPAP or mechanical ventilation), the presence of respiratory distress, and the need for the administration of oxygen.
    RESULTS: LUS scores were significantly higher in the delivery room examination (8.05 ± 1.95) than at 1 h of age (6.4 ± 1.75) (p < 0.001). There were also statistically significant differences between the LUS patterns observed in different lung regions between the delivery room exam and the exam performed at 1 h of age (p values between 0.001 and 0.017). There were also differences noted regarding the LUS patterns between different lung regions at the exam in the delivery room (the right anterior region LUS patterns were significantly worse than the right lateral LUS patterns (p < 0.004), left anterior LUS patterns (p < 0.001), and left lateral LUS patterns (p < 0.001)). A statistically significant correlation was found between LUS scores and the gestational age of the patients (r = 0.568, p < 0.001-delivery room; r = 4.0443, p < 0.001-one hour of age). There were statistically significant associations between LUS scores, patterns at delivery (p < 0.001) and 1 h of age (p < 0.001), and the need for respiratory support (CPAP or mechanical ventilation).
    CONCLUSIONS: LUS in the delivery room offers important information regarding lung fluid elimination and aeration of the lungs, and early LUS features are significantly associated with the risk of respiratory distress and the need for respiratory support.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    非药物治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的疗效,一种非常普遍的疾病,具有严重的心脏代谢和神经认知健康后果,建立得很好。用药物补充传统治疗策略可以改善症状并减少副作用。确定针对睡眠呼吸暂停原因的药物的努力取得了不同的成功。然而,这仍然是研究人员追求的一个值得追求的目标,考虑到潜在的益处,药物治疗可以为那些拒绝或难以坚持现有治疗的患者带来好处.
    本文介绍了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停药物治疗的案例,包括减少呼吸暂停事件发生的药物,如减肥剂,通气激活剂和肌肉和神经系统兴奋剂,缓解症状的药物,例如用于白天过度嗜睡的促醒剂,和改善对现有治疗的依从性的药物,比如催眠。文献在2024年3月1日至2024年4月18日期间从PubMed获得。
    在我们对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病理学的理解以及用于确定治疗剂及其靶标的技术方面取得了令人兴奋的最新进展,为扩大使用药物来应对这种后果性疾病提供了积极的前景。
    UNASSIGNED: The efficacy of non-pharmacotherapeutic treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, a highly prevalent condition with serious cardiometabolic and neurocognitive health consequences, is well established. Supplementing traditional treatment strategies with medications can improve symptoms and reduce side effects. Efforts to identify medications that target the causes of sleep apnea have met with mixed success. However, this remains a worthwhile objective for researchers to pursue, given the potential benefit pharmacotherapy could bring to those patients who reject or struggle to adhere to existing treatments.
    UNASSIGNED: This article presents the case for obstructive sleep apnea pharmacotherapy including drugs that reduce the occurrence of apnea events, such as weight loss agents, ventilation activators and muscle and nervous system stimulants, drugs that alleviate symptoms, such as wake-promoting agents for excessive daytime sleepiness, and drugs that improve adherence to existing treatments, such as hypnotics. Literature was accessed from PubMed between 1 March 2024 and 18 April 2024.
    UNASSIGNED: Exciting recent advances in both our understanding of obstructive sleep apnea pathology and in the techniques used to identify therapeutic agents and their targets combine to embolden a positive outlook for the expanded use of drugs in tackling this consequential disease.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:睡眠呼吸紊乱(SDB)是特发性肺纤维化(IPF)的主要合并症,并与不良预后相关。缺乏关于SDB治疗对IPF的影响的知识。我们在一年时评估:(1)CPAP和/或夜间氧疗对IPF肺功能的影响,血液介质,和生活质量;(2)对SDB治疗的依从性和SDB变化。
    方法:这是一项针对开始抗纤维化治疗的连续新诊断IPF患者的前瞻性研究。肺功能,多导睡眠图,纳入时和1年后进行血液检查和生活质量问卷调查.患者被归类为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA),中枢睡眠呼吸暂停(CSA),和睡眠持续性低氧血症(SSH)。如果需要,开始SDB治疗(CPAP和/或夜间氧疗)。
    结果:纳入50例患者(36%患有OSA,22%CSA,和12%SSH)。54%的患者开始CPAP,16%的患者开始夜间氧疗。一年,多导睡眠图发现了改善的参数,尽管17%的患者必须增加夜间氧疗或CPAP,而33%的人在第二次多导睡眠监测时出现SDB发作。一年的CPAP依从性为6.74h/night(SD0.74)。一年后,基质金属蛋白酶-1在OSA和CSA中降低(p=0.029;p=0.027),OSA中的C反应蛋白(p=0.045),CSA组表面活性蛋白D(p=0.074)。肺功能无明显变化。
    结论:用CPAP和NOT治疗SBD具有良好的耐受性和高依从性。IPF患者可能表现出SDB进展,需要定期重新评估。需要进一步的研究来评估SDB治疗对肺功能和血清学介质的影响。
    BACKGROUND: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a major comorbidity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is associated with a poor outcome. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the impact of SDB treatment on IPF. We assessed at one year: (1) the effect of CPAP and/or nocturnal oxygen therapy on IPF regarding lung function, blood mediators, and quality of life; (2) adherence to SDB treatment and SDB changes.
    METHODS: This is a prospective study of consecutive newly diagnosed IPF patients initiating anti-fibrotic treatment. Lung function, polysomnography, blood tests and quality of life questionnaires were performed at inclusion and after one year. Patients were classified as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), central sleep apnoea (CSA), and sleep-sustained hypoxemia (SSH). SDB therapy (CPAP and/or nocturnal oxygen therapy) was initiated if needed.
    RESULTS: Fifty patients were enrolled (36% had OSA, 22% CSA, and 12% SSH). CPAP was started in 54% of patients and nocturnal oxygen therapy in 16%. At one-year, polysomnography found improved parameters, though 17% of patients had to add nocturnal oxygen therapy or CPAP, while 33% presented SDB onset at this second polysomnography. CPAP compliance at one year was 6.74 h/night (SD 0.74). After one year, matrix metalloproteinase-1 decreased in OSA and CSA (p = 0.029; p = 0.027), C-reactive protein in OSA (p = 0.045), and surfactant protein D in CSA group (p = 0.074). There was no significant change in lung function.
    CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of SBD with CPAP and NOT can be well tolerated with a high compliance. IPF patients may exhibit SDB progression and require periodic re-assessment. Further studies to evaluate the impact of SDB treatment on lung function and serological mediators are needed.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSA)是一种常见的睡眠障碍,其特征是在睡眠期间反复发作部分或完全上气道阻塞。松紧眼综合症(FES)是一种疾病,其中上眼睑容易由于潜在的tar板松弛而向上牵引,并与慢性,反应性乳头状结膜炎;这会导致眼睛容易出现不适和视觉症状。一个49岁有8年打鼾史的男人,睡眠碎片,白天嗜睡是我们睡眠诊所的门诊病人。患者出现眼部症状,如眼睛灼热,发红,在过去的五年中,有刺激性的眼部症状,醒来后产生的。使用人工泪液和适当的软膏,症状没有消退。患者被诊断为OSA,并开始使用持续气道正压通气(CPAP)。CPAP治疗可显着纠正与OSA相关的FES症状。这将有助于使OSA患者的眼部表现敏感,并确定隐藏的睡眠疾病,需要更适当的调查和可能的治疗。我们必须超越我们对睡眠诊所患者的方法,避免被患者所代表的常见症状所困扰。
    Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. Floppy Eye Syndrome (FES) is a condition in which the upper eyelids easily evert with upward traction due to underlying tarsal plate laxity and is associated with chronic, reactive papillary conjunctivitis; this causes the eye to be vulnerable to discomfort and visual symptoms. A 49-year-old man with an 8-year history of snoring, sleep fragmentation, and daytime sleepiness was admitted as an outpatient in our sleep clinic. The patient had complied ocular symptoms such as burning eyes, redness, and irritative ocular symptoms in the past five years, arising upon waking up. The symptoms did not regress with the use of artificial tears and proper ointment. The patient was diagnosed with OSA and began using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP therapy significantly corrected the symptoms of FES associated with OSA . This would help to sensibilize ocular findings in patients with OSA and identify hidden sleeping diseases needing a more appropriate investigation and possible treatment. We must look beyond our approach to sleep clinic patients and avoid being kept to the common symptoms patients represent.
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