UNASSIGNED: The goal of the study was to analyze the eruption time of the maxillary impacted canines treated with the \"canine first technique\" and evaluate the success rate.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 103 patients with 131 impacted canines were treated. Alpha angle, Erickson-Kurol sectors, and age were studied to assess the difficulty of canine eruption. All the canines were treated with the \"canine first\" approach. The median follow-up time was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier inverse procedure. The primary outcome (canine eruption time) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. The curve comparison between the different known risk factors was made using the log-rank test. The median eruption time (95% confidence interval) was calculated for each result.
UNASSIGNED: The majority of the canines (66.4%) were placed palatally and positioned in sector 3 (30.16%). The median alpha angle was 38.7°. In 88.9% of cases, canines erupted and the median time of eruption was 4.2 months. A statistically significant difference in alpha angle >/<22° able to influence the eruption time was assessed. The variation of the alpha angle (>/<22°) has found to be statistically significative when compared to the eruption time variation.
UNASSIGNED: The canine first technique is effective for the eruption of impacted canines, and an alpha angle <22° can be considered a favorable prognostic factor.

Failure in the eruption of the maxillary incisor necessitates a precise diagnosis and treatment regimen. Impaction can have a number of causes such as physical obstacles in the eruption path, discrepancy in the length of the dental arch, and tooth anomaly. Delayed eruption of anterior teeth can result in a number of issues such as malocclusion and psychological discomfort. In many cases, if the intervention is not done at an early stage, complex orthodontic intervention is required after surgical exposure to enable appropriate eruption. This case report is of a nine-year-old child with unerupted maxillary central incisors. The child was treated surgically for incisor exposure under general anesthesia (GA). Both functional and aesthetic considerations made this surgical procedure necessary. GA was administered due to the negative behavior of the child in a dental setting. Hence, it ensured patient comfort and cooperation. Follow-up examinations showed satisfactory progress in the eruption of the teeth with no complications.

As the thumb is pronated, primary repair of complex injuries may be more difficult than the repair of other digits. We describe a simple technique that facilitates thumb repair. We insert a Kirschner wire perpendicular to the bone axis in the middle of the proximal phalanx, which ensures adequate exposure of the palmar aspect without the need for thumb position adjustment by an assistant. This technique is particularly useful when inexperienced surgeons perform thumb replantation and primary flexor tendon repair using a multistrand suture technique.

UNASSIGNED: Impaction of permanent second molar (PM2) is found occasionally. This study tried to explore the risk factors associated with the impacted PM2 teeth and show how to use different treatment modalities to correct the impaction of PM2 teeth.
UNASSIGNED: This study used three cases of PM2 impaction to show how to identify the risk factors of PM2 impaction and how to remove these risk factors to facilitate the eruption of impacted PM2 teeth to the correct occlusal positions.
UNASSIGNED: The first and second cases both showed delayed eruptions of two maxillary PM2 teeth. After resection of the dense fibrotic gingival tissues on the tooth eruption pathway, these two impacted maxillary PM2 teeth finally erupted to the normal occlusal positions by their inherent tooth eruption potential. The second case also had mesioangular impaction of two mandibular PM2 teeth. After odontectomy of teeth 38 and 48, the two impacted mandibular PM2 teeth also erupted to the normal occlusal positions by their inherent tooth eruption potential. The third case had impaction of teeth 17, 27 and 47. After extraction of four third molars and four selected premolars, orthodontic mesialization of four permanent first molars, and orthodontic traction using a mini-screw, the three impacted teeth finally erupted to the normal occlusal positions.
UNASSIGNED: We conclude that after removing the obstacles on the tooth eruption pathway, the impacted PM2 teeth usually can erupt to their normal occlusal positions by their inherent tooth eruption potential with or without the assistance of orthodontic traction.

Although impaction of the maxillary permanent central incisor is uncommon in dentistry due to its significance to facial aesthetics which are challenging to treat. To abstain from the consequences related to aesthetic and functional occlusion, early detection of an impacted central incisor is imperative. This case report describes a male patient, aged 22 years, who had an impacted central incisor tooth in the maxillary anterior region. A surgery was performed to remove the impacted supernumerary tooth that was preventing the eruption of the central incisor. Using a combination of surgical exposure and orthodontic force, the impacted right maxillary central incisor was relocated to its proper occlusion in the dental arch.

This case study offers a rare and difficult condition involving the impaction of teeth 11, 12, and 13, providing a severe dental challenge. A thorough examination was performed on the patient, which included clinical evaluations and radiographic examinations. Because the impacted teeth were causing discomfort and functional impairment, a multidisciplinary approach was required, which included surgical exposure followed by traction forces to level and align the impacted teeth. The abstract emphasizes the case\'s complexity, digging into the diagnosis process and the establishment of a personalized treatment strategy. The complexities of handling many impacted teeth are explored in length, including surgical intervention, orthodontic considerations, and postoperative care.

Developing adequate exposure when performing a revision total knee arthroplasty is critical to an efficient and safe intraoperative course. Proper planning and knowledge of the relevant anatomy are important when dissecting scar tissue associated with previous trauma or surgery and navigating bone loss. We present a review of the different total knee arthroplasty extensile exposure techniques that have been described in the literature. Specific exposures discussed include the femoral peel, banana peel, medial epicondylar osteotomy, quadriceps snip, tibial tubercle osteotomy, wandering resident, and the V-Y quadricepsplasty with patella turndown. Furthermore, we review the histological healing potential, biomechanical principles that drive post-operative expectations, post-operative rehabilitation protocols, and reported functional outcomes of each technique.

Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of lateral canthotomy, sub-tenon anesthesia injection, and the use of modified speculum for gaining adequate surgical exposure during surgery for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Fourteen eyes of 10 consecutive patients undergoing microincisional vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) for stage 4 and stage 5 ROP were included. There was a significant widening of the palpebral fissure height and length using this technique. No patient developed a lens injury during the surgery. All the canthotomy incisions completely healed at a four-week follow-up visit. This is a safe and effective technique for increasing surgical exposure in cases of ROP requiring vitrectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the open-eruption technique of impacted anterior maxillary teeth, this study reports a technically improved operation on surgical exposure based on dental follicles and evaluates post-treatment periodontal health considering the effect of dental follicles.
METHODS: Patients who underwent open-eruption technique with unilateral labially impacted maxillary central incisors were selected. The impacted teeth were assigned to the experimental group, and the contralateral unimpacted maxillary central incisors were assigned to the control group. In the surgical exposure, the new technique makes use of dental follicles to manage the soft tissue, so as to preserve soft tissue for better aesthetic results and healthier periodontal tissue. Tooth length, root length, alveolar bone loss, and alveolar bone thickness were recorded after the therapy.
RESULTS: A total of 17 patients with unilateral maxillary central incisor impaction were successfully treated. The tooth length and root length of the two groups showed a statistically significant difference between the impacted and homonym teeth, with a shorter length in the impacted tooth (P<0.05). More labial alveolar bone loss was found in the experimental group compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). The outcomes of the cementoenamel junction width, pa- latal alveolar bone loss, and alveolar bone thickness did not indicate statistical significance between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In the surgical exposure, the new technique uses dental follicles to manage the soft tissue and preserve it for better aesthetic results and healthier periodontal tissues.
目的: 总结既往上前牙区埋伏牙开放式牵引方法的基础上，报告一种基于牙囊的软组织处理技术，并监测治疗后埋伏牙牙根长度变化和牙槽骨丢失量，探讨牙囊在埋伏上颌中切牙唇侧微创开放式牵引中的重要作用。方法: 选择单侧唇侧埋伏上颌中切牙并采用开放式牵引技术治疗的患者，将埋伏中切牙纳入试验组，将对侧未受影响的中切牙纳入对照组。在外科手术暴露埋伏上颌中切牙时，利用埋伏牙周围的牙囊组织进行术区软组织管理，最大程度地保存埋伏牙周围软硬组织量。在埋伏上颌中切牙牵引至牙合平面后，记录其牙长、根长、骨丢失量、骨厚度等测量值。结果: 成功牵引了17例单侧唇侧埋伏上颌中切牙。牵引后试验组与对照组之间，牙长、根长、唇侧骨丢失量的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），唇-腭釉牙骨质界处宽度、腭侧骨丢失量、唇侧骨厚度、腭侧骨厚度、根尖牙槽骨厚度的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论: 在外科手术暴露唇侧埋伏上颌中切牙时，本方法利用埋伏牙周围的牙囊组织进行术区软组织管理，最大程度地保存埋伏牙周围软硬组织量，尽可能在牵引萌出后获得更好的美学效果和健康的牙周组织。.

Deposition of the maxillary permanent central incisor is a rare occurrence in dental practice. It is a difficult condition to treat due to its importance to facial esthetics. If complications are to be avoided, early detection of such teeth is important. The present case report of impacted maxillary central incisor encased within an abnormally thickened labial frenulum. A 9-year-old boy, came with his parents to the Pediatric Dentistry Specialist, Dental and Oral Hospital, Airlangga University (UNAIR) with a chief complaint that his left maxillary front teeth did not grow while his right front teeth had grown perfectly. From the anamnesis, the patient had experienced a falling trauma when he was young, which caused the deciduous tooth to fall out. Good general health, no history of allergies, and no medical history of case management. This is a fixed orthodontic treatment with surgical exposure of impacted teeth and frenectomy of labial frenulum. After the crown of the impacted incisor was surgically exposed, eruption ball chain was bonded to traction the incisor. The left maxillary incisor fully erupted and normally to percussion, mobility, and sensitivity testing with good attached gingiva in the next 9 months. Management abnormality of labial frenulum in this case with frenectomy by using electrocautery for minimalized trauma in children. Fixed orthodontic therapy was continued to achieve proper alignment leading to good esthetic and functional rehabilitation. The treatment of an unerupted tooth will depend on its state, position, and presence of enough space in the dental arch to accommodate.