一篇评论文章,包含有关选项的信息,可能性,以及纺织材料抗菌整理的发展前景,是presented。各种各样的产品,旨在赋予抗菌,抗菌,并考虑了对纺织材料的抗病毒性能。提出了确定保护组合物的技术和功能选择的适当决定的主要因素,包括纤维形成聚合物的性质,由此产生的材料旨在解决的任务,及其应用选项。描述了提供所需的病原性菌群破坏效果的组合物及其应用技术。特别注意基于银纳米颗粒的抗微生物剂。这种金属的纳米颗粒对抗生素耐药菌株有有害影响;与许多众所周知的抗生素相比,它们的有效性更高。例如,青霉素及其类似物。银纳米粒子对人体无害。作为抑制剂,它们限制了负责单细胞细菌耗氧的酶的活性,病毒,和真菌。在这种情况下,银离子与细菌细胞膜的外部和内部蛋白质结合,阻断细胞呼吸和繁殖。考虑了将微囊化方法应用于实施抗菌整理的各种选择,包括:相分离,悬浮交联,简单和复杂的凝聚,喷雾干燥,从熔体中结晶,蒸发溶剂,共挤出,分层,流化床喷涂,沉积,乳液和相间聚合,逐层静电自组装等。所有提出的技术都处于不同的开发阶段-从实验室阶段到生产测试,它们都有一定的优点和缺点。所述方法在纺织材料生产中的加速发展和实施是相关的,并且与世界上现有的复杂流行病学情况有关。
A review article, containing information on the options, possibilities, and prospects for the development of antibacterial finishing of textile materials, is presented. A wide range of products designed to impart antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties to textile materials is considered. The main factors determining the appropriate decision on the technological and functional choice of the protective composition are presented, including the nature of the fiber-forming polymer, the tasks that the resulting material is designed to solve, and its application options. Compositions providing the required effect of destruction of the pathogenic flora and their application technologies are described. Special attention is paid to antimicrobial agents based on silver nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of this metal have a detrimental effect on antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria; their effectiveness is higher as compared to a number of well-known antibiotics, for example, penicillin and its analogues. Silver nanoparticles are harmless to the human body. Acting as an inhibitor, they limit the activity of the enzyme responsible for oxygen consumption by single-cell bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this case, silver ions bind to the outer and inner proteins of the bacterial cell membranes, blocking cellular respiration and reproduction. Various options to apply microencapsulation methods for the implementation of antibacterial finishing are considered, including: phase separation, suspension crosslinking, simple and complex coacervation, spray drying, crystallization from the melt, evaporation of the solvent, co-extrusion, layering, fluidized bed spraying, deposition, emulsion and interphase polymerization, layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly etc. All presented technologies are at various development stages-from the laboratory stage to production tests, they all have certain advantages and disadvantages. The accelerated development and implementation of the described methods in production of textile materials is relevant and is related to the existing complex epidemiological situation in the world.