背景:将气管一分为二的气管隔膜的存在使插管成为企鹅麻醉的主要挑战之一。在某些企鹅物种中已经描述了上述气管隔膜的长度和位置的差异。然而,据作者所知,尚未在洪堡企鹅(Spheniscushumboldti)中报告。因此,本出版物的目的之一是报告这只洪堡企鹅的间隔位置。此外,该出版物描述了麻醉方案和遇到的并发症,并讨论了企鹅麻醉的一些更重要的特征。预计该病例报告将有助于需要对该企鹅物种进行麻醉的未来程序。
方法:食欲不振三周后,一名25岁的雌性洪堡企鹅在都柏林大学学院兽医医院进行了X光片和计算机断层扫描(CT)麻醉。从临床病史评估企鹅的健康状况并进行体格检查后,美国麻醉医师协会的一项身体状况评分为II分,并肌内给药布托啡诺1mg/kg和咪达唑仑1mg/kg的组合以镇静企鹅.在氧气中使用七氟醚通过面罩进行麻醉诱导。用4.0mmCole管插入气道,并在整个过程中使用七氟醚在氧气中维持麻醉。麻醉监测包括心电图,脉搏血氧饱和度,无创血压,二氧化碳描记,和体温。
结论:使用CT确定气管分叉是距声门4.67cm的气管隔膜的起点。企鹅麻醉的大部分预期并发症,比如热疗,体温过低,返流,通气不足,在这种情况下存在插管困难。然而,按照所述的麻醉方案,没有出现严重的后遗症.
BACKGROUND: The presence of a tracheal
septum dividing the trachea into two makes intubation one of the main challenges of penguin anaesthesia. Differences in the length and location of the aforementioned tracheal
septum have been described in some penguin species. However, to the best of the authors\' knowledge, it has not been reported in Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). Therefore, one of the aims of this publication is to report the septal position in this Humboldt penguin. Furthermore, this publication describes the anaesthetic protocol and complications encountered and discusses some of the more important features of penguin anaesthesia. It is anticipated that this case report will aid in future procedures requiring anaesthesia of this penguin species.
METHODS: A 25-year-old female Humboldt penguin was anaesthetized at the University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital for radiographs and computed tomography (CT) following three weeks of inappetence. After assessing the health status of the penguin from the clinical history and performing a physical examination, an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score of II was assigned and a combination of butorphanol 1 mg/kg and midazolam 1 mg/kg was administered intramuscularly to sedate the penguin. Induction of anaesthesia was performed via a face mask using sevoflurane in oxygen. The airway was intubated with a 4.0 mm Cole tube and anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen during the entire procedure. Anaesthetic monitoring consisted of an electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, non-invasive blood pressure, capnography, and body temperature.
CONCLUSIONS: Tracheal bifurcation was identified as the start of the tracheal
septum 4.67 cm from the glottis using CT. Most of the anticipated complications of penguin anaesthesia, such as hyperthermia, hypothermia, regurgitation, hypoventilation, and difficulties in intubation were present in this case. However, no major sequalae occurred following the anaesthetic protocol described.