RAMOSA1(RA1)是一种Cys2-His2型(C2H2)锌指转录因子,可控制植物分生组织的命运和身份,在玉米驯化中起着重要作用。尽管它很重要,RA1的起源未知,植物的进化只被部分理解。在本文中,我们基于来自48个胚胎植物物种的73个氨基酸序列,提出了一个解决良好的系统发育。恢复的树拓扑表明,在草的进化过程中,RA1来自两个连续的SUPERMAN复制,产生三个不同的草序列谱系:RA1样A,RA1-likeB,和RA1;然而,这些副本中的大多数具有未知的功能。我们的发现表明,尽管缺乏传统的核定位信号,但RA1和RA1样在细胞核中起作用。这里,我们报告说,副本的编码区域多样化,有了它,它们的蛋白质结构,提示DNA结合和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的不同模式。此外,每个保留的拷贝沿着其启动子区域多样化的调控元件,表明它们在上游监管方面的差异。一起来看,证据表明,草类中的RA1和RA1样基因家族通过基因复制实现亚功能化和新功能化.
RAMOSA1 (RA1) is a Cys2-His2-type (C2H2) zinc finger transcription factor that controls plant meristem fate and identity and has played an important role in maize domestication. Despite its importance, the origin of RA1 is unknown, and the evolution in plants is only partially understood. In this paper, we present a well-resolved phylogeny based on 73 amino acid sequences from 48 embryophyte species. The recovered tree topology indicates that, during grass evolution, RA1 arose from two consecutive SUPERMAN duplications, resulting in three distinct grass sequence lineages: RA1-like A, RA1-like B, and RA1; however, most of these copies have unknown functions. Our findings indicate that RA1 and RA1-like play roles in the nucleus despite lacking a traditional nuclear localization signal. Here, we report that copies diversified their coding region and, with it, their protein structure, suggesting different patterns of DNA binding and protein-protein interaction. In addition, each of the retained copies diversified regulatory elements along their promoter regions, indicating differences in their upstream regulation. Taken together, the evidence indicates that the RA1 and RA1-like gene families in grasses underwent subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization enabled by gene duplication.