背景:吃零食是一种常见的饮食行为,占日常能量摄入的很大一部分,使其成为饮食质量的关键决定因素。然而,零食频率之间的关系,心脏代谢健康的质量和时间仍不清楚.
方法:人口学,饮食,在UKPREDICT1队列(N=1002)(NCT03479866)中评估了健康状况(空腹和餐后心脏代谢血液和人体测量标志物)和粪便宏基因组学数据.零食(主餐之间消耗的食物或饮料)在2-4天内自我报告(称重记录)。确定了平均零食频率和质量[零食饮食指数(SDI)](排除后N=854)。零食频率之间的关联,使用回归模型评估心脏代谢血液和人体测量标志物的质量和时间(调整年龄,性别,BMI,教育,身体活动水平和主要膳食质量)。
结果:参与者年龄较大(平均值,SD)46.1±11.9年,平均BMI为25.6±4.88kg/m2,主要为女性(73%)。95%的参与者是零食(每天≥1次零食;n=813);平均每日零食摄入量为2.28次零食/天(占每日卡路里的24±16%;203±170千卡);44%的参与者对膳食和零食质量不一致。在零食中,总体零食摄入频率和零食能量的数量与心脏代谢风险标志物无关.然而,较低的零食质量(SDI范围1-11)与较高的血液标志物有关,包括空腹甘油三酯升高(TG(mmol/L)β;-0.02,P=0.02),餐后TG(6hiAUC(mmol/L。s);β;-400,P=0.01),空腹胰岛素(mIU/L)(β;-0.15,P=0.04),胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR;β;-0.04,P=0.04)和饥饿(量表0-100)(β;-0.52,P=0.02)(多次测试调整后P值无统计学意义)。傍晚吃零食(≥晚上9点;31%)与较低的血液标志物相关(HbA1c;5.54±0.42%vs5.46±0.28%,葡萄糖2hiAUC;8212±5559vs7321±4928mmol/Ls,P=0.01和TG6hiAUC;11,638±8166vs9781±6997mmol/L。s,P=0.01)与所有其他零食时间相比(多次测试后HbA1c仍然显着)。
结论:零食质量和食用时间是简单的饮食特征,可能有针对性地提高饮食质量,具有潜在的健康益处。
背景:NCT03479866,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03479866?term=NCT03479866&draw=2&rank=1。
BACKGROUND: Snacking is a common diet behaviour which accounts for a large proportion of daily energy intake, making it a key determinant of diet quality. However, the relationship between snacking frequency, quality and timing with cardiometabolic health remains unclear.
METHODS: Demography, diet, health (fasting and postprandial cardiometabolic blood and anthropometrics markers) and stool metagenomics data were assessed in the UK PREDICT 1 cohort (N = 1002) (NCT03479866). Snacks (foods or drinks consumed between main meals) were self-reported (weighed records) across 2-4 days. Average snacking frequency and quality [snack diet index (SDI)] were determined (N = 854 after exclusions). Associations between snacking frequency, quality and timing with cardiometabolic blood and anthropometric markers were assessed using regression models (adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, physical activity level and main meal quality).
RESULTS: Participants were aged (mean, SD) 46.1 ± 11.9 years, had a mean BMI of 25.6 ± 4.88 kg/m2 and were predominantly female (73%). 95% of participants were snackers (≥ 1 snack/day; n = 813); mean daily snack intake was 2.28 snacks/day (24 ± 16% of daily calories; 203 ± 170 kcal); and 44% of participants were discordant for meal and snack quality. In snackers, overall snacking frequency and
quantity of snack energy were not associated with cardiometabolic risk markers. However, lower snack quality (SDI range 1-11) was associated with higher blood markers, including elevated fasting triglycerides (TG (mmol/L) β; - 0.02, P = 0.02), postprandial TGs (6hiAUC (mmol/L.s); β; - 400, P = 0.01), fasting insulin (mIU/L) (β; - 0.15, P = 0.04), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; β; - 0.04, P = 0.04) and hunger (scale 0-100) (β; - 0.52, P = 0.02) (P values non-significant after multiple testing adjustments). Late-evening snacking (≥ 9 pm; 31%) was associated with lower blood markers (HbA1c; 5.54 ± 0.42% vs 5.46 ± 0.28%, glucose 2hiAUC; 8212 ± 5559 vs 7321 ± 4928 mmol/L.s, P = 0.01 and TG 6hiAUC; 11,638 ± 8166 vs 9781 ± 6997 mmol/L.s, P = 0.01) compared to all other snacking times (HbA1c remained significant after multiple testing).
CONCLUSIONS: Snack quality and timing of consumption are simple diet features which may be targeted to improve diet quality, with potential health benefits.
BACKGROUND: NCT03479866, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03479866?term=NCT03479866&draw=2&rank=1.