UNASSIGNED: Paternal antenatal depression and postpartum depression are associated with adverse health outcomes in mothers and infants; however, their prevalence among Chinese fathers remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the prevalence of antenatal depression and postpartum depression in Chinese fathers.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted a systematic meta-analysis on the prevalence of antenatal depression and postpartum depression among Chinese fathers by searching 11 databases. Pooled estimates and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated. The choice between a random-effects model and a fixed-effects model was based on an assessment of heterogeneity among the studies as well as assumptions regarding the similarity of the studies in terms of clinical characteristics, quality, design, and conduct. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted based on the scale used to measure antenatal depression and postpartum depression, the region where the study was completed, the time of the study, the study design, the number of children, publication language, the study site, and quality assessment.
UNASSIGNED: This meta-analysis included 28 studies with 8795 participants. The prevalence of antenatal depression among Chinese fathers was 11 % (95 % CI: 5%-17 %, P < 0.01) using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was I2 = 91 %. Publication language moderated the prevalence of paternal antenatal depression (the amount of heterogeneity accounted for was 92.13 %). The prevalence of postpartum depression among Chinese fathers was 16 % (95 % CI: 13%-18 %, P < 0.01), using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity was I2 = 94 %. The prevalence of paternal postpartum depression was moderated by the scale used to measure postpartum depression (39.17 % heterogeneity) and the region where the study was completed (33.15 % heterogeneity). Moreover, Egger\'s test (t = 4.542, P < 0.001) indicated publication bias in studies on postpartum depression among Chinese fathers. However, after applying the trimming correction, the pooled prevalence of postpartum depression had a P value of <0.05, indicating that despite the publication bias, the results remain reliable and unaffected in terms of effect size.
UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of antenatal depression and postpartum depression among Chinese fathers was similar to those reported in low- and middle-income countries. Fathers should receive regular screening, effective prevention, and appropriate treatment. However, interpreting these results requires consideration of the limitations of the study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of reversible postpartum contraception use on the risk of recurrent pregnancy condition in the subsequent pregnancy and if this effect was mediated through lengthening the interpregnancy interval (IPI).
METHODS: We used data from the Maine Health Data Organization\'s Maine All Payer Claims dataset. Our study population was Maine women with a livebirth index pregnancy between 2007 and 2019 that was followed by a subsequent pregnancy starting within 60 months of index pregnancy delivery. We examined recurrence of three pregnancy conditions, separately, in groups that were not mutually exclusive: prenatal depression, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and gestational diabetes (GDM). Effective reversible postpartum contraception use was defined as any intrauterine device, implant, or moderately effective method (pills, patch, ring, injectable) initiated within 60 days of delivery. Short IPI was defined as ≤ 12 months. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate risk ratios and 95 % confidence intervals, adjusting for potential confounders.
RESULTS: Approximately 41 % (11,448/28,056) of women initiated reversible contraception within 60 days of delivery, the prevalence of short IPI was 26 %, and the risk of pregnancy condition recurrence ranged from 38 % for HDP to 55 % for prenatal depression. Reversible contraception initiation within 60 days of delivery was not associated with recurrence of the pregnancy condition in the subsequent pregnancy (aRR ranged from 0.97 to 1.00); however, it was associated with lower risk of short IPI (aRR ranged from 0.67 to 0.74).
CONCLUSIONS: Although initiation of postpartum reversible contraception within 60 days of delivery lengthens the IPI, our findings suggest that it does not reduce the risk of prenatal depression, HDP, or GDM recurrence. This indicates a missed opportunity for providing evidence-based healthcare and health interventions in the intrapartum period to reduce the risk of recurrence.

UNASSIGNED: Some studies have examined the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and antenatal depression. However, retrospective designs were used to obtain the PMS experiences. Different from such earlier research, this study aims to investigate the association between PMS before pregnancy and antenatal depression with a prospective design.
UNASSIGNED: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted among pregnant women. Premenstrual symptoms before pregnancy of the participants were obtained prospectively via a period tracking app. At the baseline of the RCT, 5073 women participated. Of those, 3004 had one or more symptom records related to menstruation 1 year before pregnancy. The outcome, antenatal depression, was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at the RCT baseline, and the cut-off value was set at 11. For covariates, age, education, planned pregnancy, and the number of children were also measured at the same time. Multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of having antenatal depression, adjusting for the covariates.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 366 individuals who had three or more cycles of menstrual-related symptom records were included in the analyses, and of those 52 were applicable to PMS before pregnancy. There was no significant association between PMS and antenatal depression (adjusted OR = 1.28, P = 0.61).
UNASSIGNED: The present study was the first study to utilize a prospective design to obtain premenstrual symptoms. Future research should consider using a validated and objective measure of PMS diagnosis and a larger sample.

BACKGROUND: Depression during pregnancy is a significant health concern that can lead to a variety of short and long-term complications for mothers. Unfortunately, there is a lack of information available on the prevalence and predictors of prenatal depression in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed prenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women attending public health facilities in the Babile district, Eastern Ethiopia.
METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 329 pregnant women attending Babile District Public Health Facilities from November 1 to December 30, 2021. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with prenatal depression. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the association, and the significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.
RESULTS: The prevalence of prenatal depression was 33.1% (95% CI = 28.0%, 38.2%). A lower income (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI = 2.08, 7.13), contraceptive use (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.28, 0.98), unintended pregnancy (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.27, 3.98), history of depression (AOR = 5.09, 95% CI = 2.77, 9.35), poor social support (AOR = 5.08, 95% CI = 2.15, 11.99), and dissatisfied marriage (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.30, 4.33) were the factors associated with increased prenatal depression among pregnant women.
CONCLUSIONS: One in every three pregnant women in rural eastern Ethiopia had prenatal depression. Monthly income, contraceptive use, pregnancy intention, history of depression, social support, and marriage satisfaction status were the determinants of prenatal depression. Preventing unintended pregnancies by encouraging women to utilize modern contraceptive methods is essential for mitigating and controlling the risks and burdens of prenatal depression and its negative consequences.

History of childhood maltreatment (CM) is common and robustly associated with prenatal and postpartum (perinatal) depression. Given perinatal depression symptom heterogeneity, a transdiagnostic approach to measurement could enhance understanding of patterns between CM and perinatal depression.
METHODS: In two independently collected samples of women receiving care at perinatal psychiatry clinics (n = 523 and n = 134), we categorized longitudinal symptoms of perinatal depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep into transdiagnostic factors derived from the Research Domain Criteria and depression literatures. We split the perinatal period into four time points. We conducted a latent profile analysis of transdiagnostic factors in each period. We then used self-reported history of CM (total exposure and subtypes of abuse and neglect) to predict class membership.
RESULTS: A three-class solution best fit our data. In relation to positive adaptive functioning, one class had relatively more positive symptoms (high adaptive), one class had average values (middle adaptive), and one class had fewer adaptive symptoms (low adaptive). More total CM and specific subtypes associated with threat/abuse increased an individual\'s likelihood of being in the Low Adaptive class in both samples (ORs: 0.90-0.97, p < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: Generalizability of our results was curtailed by 1) limited racial/ethnic diversity and 2) missing data.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results support taking a person-centered approach to characterize the relationship between perinatal depression and childhood maltreatment. Given evidence that increased exposure to childhood maltreatment is associated with worse overall symptoms, providers should consider incorporating preventative, transdiagnostic interventions for perinatal distress in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment.

UNASSIGNED: Maternal depression is considered a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. A population at risk are U.S. born or immigrant Hispanic women, and few prenatal depression or immune studies have focused on this population.
UNASSIGNED: The research questions for the study were 1) What are the occurrences, risk factors and outcomes associated with depression in Hispanic pregnant women in the United States and 2) What are the associations of plasma immune cytokines and prenatal depression in this population.
UNASSIGNED: Women of self-reported Hispanic ethnicity were born in the continental United States or foreign-born. Screening of potential participants (n = 690) at a first prenatal clinic visit consisted of antibody testing for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in a larger grant, and only the women with antibody levels below the cutoff for T. gondii positivity (N = 536) were included in the present study. All participants completed a health and demographic questionnaire, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression (EPDS) scale, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support (MOS) scale. We surveyed electronic health records (EHR) for risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the sample. We further measured physical and mental health and seven plasma immune cytokines at four study visits during pregnancy in a longitudinal subsample (N = 128).
UNASSIGNED: The frequency of EPDS scores of 10 (depression risk) or above was 18.6 % at the time of enrollment. Socioeconomic factors such as less education, greater unemployment, and U.S. born nativity were associated with greater depression risk, but these relationships became insignificant when we corrected for false discovery rate. Depression scores were not associated with adverse birth and pregnancy outcomes. The inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was significantly higher across pregnancy in women with depression risk (p < 0.03). Other inflammatory cytokines were higher in depressed women, but only at one time point in mid-pregnancy.
UNASSIGNED: Prenatal depression occurs in early pregnancy and then declines in Hispanic women. The frequency of depression and stress were higher in U.S. born compared to immigrant Hispanic women. There was an elevation in plasma levels of TNF-α through the pregnancy in depressed women, and elevations in other cytokines, at midpregnancy. The adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery, known to be associated with prenatal depression were not present in this cohort.

暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: The gut microbiota may affect mood through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), on prenatal depression and to determine the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on prenatal depression in association with the gut microbiota and its metabolites (i.e. SCFAs).
UNASSIGNED: Eighty-six pregnant women in the third trimester were recruited. Prenatal depression was determined by a score of 10 via the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Demographic data, stool, and blood samples were collected. The gut microbiota and its metabolites SCFAs were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Plasma 5-HT was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
UNASSIGNED: After controlling relevant covariates, our results found the higher the abundance of Candidatus_Soleaferrea, the lower the risk of prenatal depression; the higher the concentration of propanoic acid, the higher risk of prenatal depression. Our results also found the lower the plasma 5-HT, the higher the risk of prenatal depression, and 5-HT was related to unclassified_c_Clostridia and NK4A214_group. However, results of this study did not support the moderating effect of plasma 5-HT on the association of Candidatus_Soleaferrea or propionic acid with prenatal depression.
UNASSIGNED: Results of this study supported that changes in certain gut microbiota, SCFAs, and plasma 5-HT during pregnancy were associated with prenatal depression. This finding provides new ideas for interventions based on diet or probiotics to regulate mood during pregnancy.

Prenatal depression affects ∼12% of pregnant women in the United States and is associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes and maternal mortality. Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern may reduce and/or protect against depressive symptoms.
To investigate the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and depressive symptoms among pregnant women in the United States.
We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018, N = 540) and included pregnant women aged 18-44 y with a positive urine pregnancy test. The Mediterranean diet score (aMED) was calculated from 1 24-h recall; aMED typically ranges from 0-9, but in these analyses, it ranged from 0-8 because alcohol was not included. The aMED score was dichotomized as high (>3) compared with low (≤3). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which measures depressive symptoms, was dichotomized as lower compared with higher (PHQ-9 score ≥10), based on the clinical cutoff for patient referral. Our primary model employed logistic regression to investigate the association between aMED adherence and high depressive symptoms when controlling for socio-demographics (age, racial/ethnicity, education, poverty, and relationship status), total calories, and prepregnancy body mass index (kg/m2). We also modeled the PHQ-9 score as a continuous variable using a random-effects model.
About 5% of pregnant women had moderate to severe depressive symptoms, and 45% were highly adherent to a Mediterranean diet. Higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms (odds ratio: 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.10, 0.98). Results were not significant for the continuous PHQ-9 score (β: -0.30; 95% confidence interval: -0.90, 0.30).
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may have the potential to lower depressive symptoms among pregnant women; however, these results should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, considering the public health significance of promoting mental wellness among pregnant women, this relationship merits further examination using experimental designs.

Prenatal depression is one of the most common risks during pregnancy. This study examined the prevalence and likelihood of prenatal depression association with sociodemographic factors, paid sick leave, and place of care among U.S. pregnant women. We conducted bivariate Chi-square tests to assess the statistical difference and multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association of prenatal depression using the National Health Interview Survey, cross-sectional data from 2010 to 2019 of pregnant women aged 18-44 years (N = 957). The prevalence of prenatal depression was 40.6%, 28.5%, and 27.2% among White, Black, and other racial pregnant women, respectively. Pregnant women with no regular/routine place of care had a prenatal depression prevalence rate of 58.1%, and those without access to paid sick leave had 46.9%. Also, pregnant women without access to paid sick leave were found to have an increased likelihood of reporting prenatal depression ([adjusted odds ratio] AOR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.72-3.64), as well as those without a regular place of care (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.32-4.47). The findings identify factors that need to be addressed to minimize depression among U.S. pregnant women and establish the need for tailored interventions to address prenatal depression.