postural care

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:本范围审查旨在确定提供辅助技术干预措施的康复专业人员的循证实践,特别是夜间姿势护理,给脑瘫儿童。方法:2021年6月对2000年至2021年之间发表的同行评审和灰色文献进行了审查。这些文章是使用Arksey和O'Malley在2005年概述的过程进行分析的:扫描摘要,完成初始和关键审查,将数据整理和汇总成主题。结果:搜索结果为15篇文章,主要来自英国和美国:10项主要研究,两篇评论,两个概念/理论,和一个灰色文献来源。出现了四个主题(1)成功的服务交付需要能力,(2)融入实践的好处,合作,和反馈,(3)通过多因素方法进行有效的在线教育,(4)考虑团队成员之间不同的学习要求。结论:有初步证据表明,康复专业人员夜间姿势护理的能力可能是通过积极的,互动式,多因素在线培训。
    Background: This scoping review aims to identify evidence-based practices for educating rehabilitation professionals who provide assistive technology interventions, specifically night-time postural care, to children with cerebral palsy. Methods: A review of both peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 2000 and 2021 was undertaken in June 2021. The articles were analyzed using a process outlined by Arksey and O\'Malley in 2005: scanning abstracts, completing initial and critical reviews, collating and summarizing data into themes. Results: The search resulted in 15 articles, predominantly from the United Kingdom and the United States: 10 primary research, two reviews, two conceptual/theoretical, and one gray-literature source. Four themes emerged (1) Successful service delivery required competence, (2) Benefits of incorporating practice, collaboration, and feedback, (3) Effective online education through multifactorial approaches, (4) Considering different learning requirements among team members. Conclusions: There\'s beginning evidence that rehabilitation professionals\' competence with night-time postural care might be achieved via active, interactive, multi-factorial online training.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    比较两种不同格式的培训计划在教育夜间姿势护理实施者方面的有效性。
    具有随机分配的混合方法并行组双盲设计。
    美国学术机构。
    38名脑瘫儿童的成人看护者/提供者。
    两个2小时的在线节目都包含夜间姿势护理证据的内容,风险因素监测,睡眠系统类型,定位方法,和评估。A组使用交互式视频,带有网络链接的B组摘要信息。
    我们通过问卷测量自我感知能力(基线,培训后,后模拟)包含4点知识等级量表,能力,以及通过模拟观察仪器测量的置信度和定位能力,该仪器包括16个定位任务等级,并带有用于描述性能的空间。我们使用现场笔记记录参与者的行动/陈述。
    38次完成训练(每组19次)。A组(vsB)在训练后显示出更大的自我感知能力变化(0.46分(SE0.17),P=0.008)。37位定位了标准化的客户,“在正确完成的总任务上,小组没有显着差异(F(1,92.32)=1.91,P=0.17),平均16个任务中的11.85(SE0.83)和12.60(SE0.84)正确。A组的定位/模拟后自我评分与实际能力显著相关(r=0.53,P=0.019)。在这两组中,47%的护理人员错误地完成了将头部和颈部置于中立状态并收紧所有[定位]部件的任务。
    睡眠护理定位培训计划(基于交互式视频的格式)可有效地建立护理人员的夜间姿势护理自我感知能力。虽然这堂课受到护理人员的欢迎,并被认为是“符合他们的学习风格”,与控制培训相比,该课程并未使定位“客户”的实际能力得到更大的提高。
    UNASSIGNED: Compare effectiveness of two differently formatted training programs in educating night-time postural care implementers.
    UNASSIGNED: Mixed-methods parallel-group double-blind design with random assignment.
    UNASSIGNED: United States academic institution.
    UNASSIGNED: Thirty-eight adult caregivers/providers of children with cerebral palsy.
    UNASSIGNED: Both 2-hour online programs included content on night-time postural care evidence, risk-factor monitoring, sleep-system types, positioning methods, and assessments. Group A used interactive videos, Group B summary information with web-links.
    UNASSIGNED: We measured self-perceived competence via questionnaires (baseline, post-training, post-simulation) containing 4-point rating-scales of knowledge, ability, and confidence and measured positioning ability via a simulation observation instrument comprising 16 positioning-task ratings with space for describing performance. We recorded participant actions/statements using fieldnotes.
    UNASSIGNED: Thirty-eight completed training (19 per group). Group A (vs B) showed significantly greater self-perceived competence changes post-training (0.46 points (SE 0.17), P = 0.008). Thirty-seven positioned a standardized \"client,\" with groups not differing significantly on total tasks completed correctly (F(1, 92.32) = 1.91, P = 0.17) averaging 11.85 (SE 0.83) and 12.60 (SE 0.84) of 16 tasks correct. Group A\'s post-positioning/simulation self-ratings were significantly associated with actual ability (r = 0.53, P = 0.019). In both groups ⩾47% of caregivers incorrectly completed the tasks of placing head and neck in neutral and snugging up all [positioning] parts.
    UNASSIGNED: The sleep care positioning training program (interactive video-based format) is effective in building caregivers\' self-perceived competence for night-time postural care. While the lesson was well-received by caregivers and considered a \"match [to their] learning style,\" the lesson did not lead to greater improvement in actual ability to position the \"client\" compared to control training.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    BACKGROUND: Poor postural care can have severe and life-threatening complications. This scoping review aims to map and summarize existing evidence regarding postural care for people with intellectual disabilities and severely impaired motor function.
    METHODS: Studies were identified via electronic database searches (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science) covering January 1990 to March 2016, and email requests to researcher networks. Results were collated via descriptive numerical summary of studies and thematic analysis.
    RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were identified and summarized narratively in relation to three themes: characteristics and prevalence, interventions and service related issues. The evidence base is small with significant gaps. Lack of evidence for night-time positioning equipment and 24-hr postural care needs to be addressed urgently.
    CONCLUSIONS: Future research should be clearly directed towards ascertaining how best postural care interventions can be employed to help improve the health and quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    BACKGROUND: Previous research has highlighted lack of knowledge, understanding and confidence among parents and teachers responsible for the postural care of children with physical disability. Interventions designed to improve these qualities require a reliable and validated tool to assess pre- and post-intervention levels. Currently, however, no validated measure of postural care confidence (i.e. self-efficacy) exists. Hence, the aim of this research was to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess parents\' and teachers\' confidence, alongside knowledge and understanding of postural care - the Understanding Knowledge and Confidence in providing POSTural CARe for children with Disabilities (UKC PostCarD) questionnaire.
    METHODS: Items were developed by a multidisciplinary team and designed to map onto the content of \'An A-to-Z of Postural Care\'. Parents, teachers and therapists assessed items for face validity. Scale reliability was then assessed using Cronbach\'s alpha and known-group validity was assessed by comparing scores of an \'expert\' group (physiotherapists and occupational therapists) with those of a \'non-expert\' group (with no formal training in postural care).
    RESULTS: The total scale and all three subscales (understanding and knowledge, confidence and concerns) demonstrated adequate reliability (α > 0.83) and subscale correlations formed a logical pattern (understanding and knowledge correlated positively with confidence and negatively with concerns). Experts\' (n = 111) scores were higher than non-experts\' (n = 79) for the total scale and all subscales (P < 0.001).
    CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the reliability and validity of the UKC PostCarD questionnaire as a measure of understanding, knowledge and confidence in providing postural care for children with disabilities.
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