■玉米(玉米)是全球重要的谷类作物,在食品中具有多种应用,饲料,和工业产品。然而,玉米栽培经常受到环境胁迫因素的挑战,例如重金属毒性和干旱胁迫(DS)。重金属如镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)可以通过工业活动和不当的废物处理在土壤中积累,对植物生长和发育构成重大威胁。干旱胁迫通过限制水的可用性和影响植物的生理过程而进一步加剧了这些挑战。本研究探讨了Cd和Pb毒性的影响,以及DS,对玉米生长发育的影响,并研究了各种治疗方法的潜在缓解作用,包括赤霉素(GA3),生物炭(BC),根瘤菌(RB),和他们的组合。
■实验涉及经受不同胁迫条件的玉米植物:浓度为0、6和12ppm的镉(Cd),铅(Pb)在0和400ppm,和干旱胁迫(DS)。处理包括应用10ppmGA3,0.75%BC,10ppmGA3和0.75%BC的联合治疗,根瘤菌(RB),以及0.5%BC和RB的联合治疗。这项研究测量了发芽率,枝条和根的长度,和生化参数如芽和根蛋白,酚类物质,和叶绿素含量在这些条件下。
■在没有Cd胁迫(0Cd)的情况下,10ppmGA3和0.75%BC的应用显着提高发芽率72%和76%,分别,与对照相比,联合治疗表现出最高的86%的增强。在Cd胁迫(6ppmCd)下,GA3和BC分别提高了54%和57%的发芽,分别,联合治疗的最大增幅为63%。干旱胁迫影响发芽,应用0.5%BC(增加50%)和RB(增加49%)观察到显着改善。在芽和根长中观察到类似的趋势,其中GA3和BC的联合治疗导致了最显著的改善。处理对芽和根蛋白有积极影响,酚类物质,和叶绿素含量,特别是在压力条件下。
■这些发现突出了联合治疗的潜力,例如GA3和BC或BC与RB的应用,在缓解玉米栽培中重金属(Cd和Pb)和干旱胁迫的不利影响方面。联合处理不仅提高了发芽率,而且显着增强了芽和根的生长。以及应激条件下的重要生化参数。这表明GA3和BC,单独或与RB组合,可以在增强玉米对环境压力的抵抗力方面发挥关键作用。该研究强调了探索可持续农业实践以减轻重金属毒性和干旱胁迫影响的重要性。未来的研究应该集中在长期的现场试验,以验证这些发现,并进一步调查这些修正案缓解压力的机制途径。以及它们在更大范围内的经济可行性和环境影响,以确保它们在现实世界的农业环境中的实际适用性。
UNASSIGNED: Zea mays (maize) is a globally significant cereal crop with diverse applications in food, feed, and industrial products. However, maize cultivation is often challenged by environmental stressors such as heavy metal toxicity and drought stress (DS). Heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) can accumulate in soil through industrial activities and improper waste disposal, posing significant threats to plant growth and development. Drought stress further exacerbates these challenges by limiting water availability and affecting physiological processes in plants. This study explores the impact of Cd and Pb toxicity, as well as DS, on maize growth and development, and investigates the potential mitigating effects of various treatments, including gibberellic acid (GA3), biochar (BC), rhizobacteria (RB), and their combinations.
UNASSIGNED: The experiment involved maize plants subjected to different stress conditions: cadmium (Cd) at concentrations of 0, 6, and 12 ppm, lead (Pb) at 0 and 400 ppm, and drought stress (DS). Treatments included the application of 10 ppm GA3, 0.75% BC, a combined treatment of 10 ppm GA3 and 0.75% BC, rhizobacteria (RB), and a combined treatment of 0.5% BC and RB. The study measured germination rates, shoot and root lengths, and biochemical parameters such as shoot and root protein, phenolics, and chlorophyll contents under these conditions.
UNASSIGNED: In the absence of Cd stress (0 Cd), the application of 10 ppm GA3 and 0.75% BC significantly enhanced germination rates by 72% and 76%, respectively, compared to the control, with the combined treatment exhibiting the highest enhancement of 86%. Under Cd stress (6 ppm Cd), GA3 and BC individually improved germination by 54% and 57%, respectively, with the combined treatment showing the largest increase of 63%. Drought stress influenced germination, with notable improvements observed with the application of 0.5% BC (50% increase) and RB (49% increase). Similar trends were observed in shoot and root lengths, where the combined treatment of GA3 and BC resulted in the most significant improvements. The treatments positively influenced shoot and root protein, phenolics, and chlorophyll contents, particularly under stress conditions.
UNASSIGNED: These findings highlight the potential of combined treatments, such as the application of GA3 and BC or BC with RB, in alleviating the adverse effects of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) and drought stress in maize cultivation. The combined treatments not only improved germination rates but also significantly enhanced shoot and root growth, as well as important biochemical parameters under stress conditions. This suggests that GA3 and BC, alone or in combination with RB, can play a crucial role in enhancing maize resilience to environmental stressors. The study highlights the importance of exploring sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate the impacts of heavy metal toxicity and drought stress. Future research should focus on long-term field trials to validate these findings and further investigate the mechanistic pathways involved in stress mitigation by these amendments, as well as their economic feasibility and environmental impact on a larger scale to ensure their practical applicability in real-world agricultural settings.