牛Theileriosis是由细胞内寄生虫引起的原生动物疾病(Theileriaspp。)通过蜱传播,被认为是最重要的寄生虫病之一,可能危及埃及牛群业。本研究是为了对牛theileriosis及其相关危险因素进行分子调查(季节变化,地理位置,品种,年龄,性别,蜱虫侵扰,和杀螨剂应用)在三个埃及省,Beni-Suef,Al-Faiyum,和Al-Minya为期一年,从2021年12月延长至2022年11月,此外,Theileria分离株的遗传多样性。总共对961头牛进行了Theileria感染的临床检查,微观上,并通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)使用18SrRNA基因进行pirospomaDNA检测,rRNA基因小亚基的Theileria属特异性引物,和Tams-1基因的环生Theileria特异性引物。牛的患病率为9.26%,11.86%使用Giemsa染色的血涂片和PCR,分别。当通过特异性引物筛选时,通过Theileria属特异性引物筛选的所有阳性样品均为T.annulata阳性。基于分子筛选,季节,牛品种和杀螨剂的应用被认为是T.annulata感染的危险因素,而局部性,年龄,性别和蜱虫感染对疾病的发生影响不大。鉴定了一种基于Tam-1基因的潜在的新的环状念珠菌单倍型,其登录号为OR364144和OR915851。因此,T.annulata是唯一发现的Theileria物种,在牛群中起着重大问题。这项研究可以作为未来研究未开发区域和不同动物物种的基础,以制定结构良好的预防和控制措施。
Bovine theileriosis is a protozoan disease caused by the intracellular parasite (Theileria spp.) transmitted by ticks and it is considered one of the most significant parasitic diseases, potentially endangering Egyptian cattle herd industry. The present study was conducted for a molecular survey of bovine theileriosis and its associated risk factors (season variations, geographical locations, breeds, age, sex, tick infestation, and acaricide applications) in three Egyptian governorates, Beni-Suef, Al-Faiyum, and Al-Minya for a year extended from December 2021 to November 2022, in addition, genetic diversity of Theileria isolates. A total of 961 cattle were examined for Theileria infection clinically, microscopically, and by Polymerase Chain Reaction (
PCR) using 18S rRNA gene for piroplasms DNA detection, Theileria genus-specific primers of the small subunit of rRNA gene, and Theileria annulata specific primers of the Tams-1 gene. The prevalence rate of bovine theileriosis was 9.26%, and 11.86% using Giemsa-stained blood smear and
PCR, respectively. All positive samples screened by Theileria genus-specific primers were positive for T. annulata when screened by the specific primers. Based on molecular screening, season, cattle breeds and acaricide applications were considered risk factors for T. annulata infection, while locality, age, sex and tick infestation had insignificant effects with the occurrence of the disease. A potential novel T. annulata haplotype based on the Tam-1 gene was identified with accession numbers OR364144 and OR915851. Therefore, T. annulata was the only Theileria species found and played a significant problem in the cattle population. This study could be the basis for future studies on unexplored regions and different animal species for well-structured prevention and control measures.