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UNASSIGNED: Few studies have examined the characteristics of domestic violence (DV) committed by people with dementia. We provide an overview of DV perpetrated by people with dementia in the community based on police reports of attendances at DV events.
UNASSIGNED: A text mining method was used on 416,441 New South Wales (NSW) police narratives of DV events from January 2005 to December 2016 to extract information for Persons of Interest (POIs) with mentions of dementia.
UNASSIGNED: Events involving those with dementia accounted for a relatively low proportion of total DV events (<1%). Of the 260 DV events with a dementia mention for the POI, the most common abuse types were assault (49.7%) and verbal abuse (31.6%). Spouses were the largest group of victims (50.8%) followed by children (8.8%). Physical abuse was common, occurring in 82.4% of events, but injuries were relatively mild. Although weapons were infrequently used, they were involved in 5% of events, mostly by POIs aged 75 years and older. Similarly, the POIs were mainly aged 75+ years (60%), however the proportion of those aged <65 was relatively high (20.8%) compared to the reported prevalence of dementia in that age group.
UNASSIGNED: This study demonstrates that some cases of DV perpetrated by people with reported dementia are significant enough to warrant police involvement. This highlights the need to proactively discuss the potential for violence as part of the holistic management and support family members, particularly those caring for people with young-onset dementias.

BACKGROUND: Juvenile delinquency appears to be the most widespread social issue in comparison to other social issues. Social factors and conditions have a significant impact on the prevalence of delinquency. Individuals who engage in criminal behavior before reaching the age of 18 are commonly referred to as juvenile offenders. The aim of this study is to comprehensively elucidate the research and work carried out on juvenile offenders, with a specific focus on the critical role played by social factors in all facets of juvenile delinquency. Additionally, this research seeks to investigate the social roots and influences that contribute to the criminal behavior of young offenders.
METHODS: This article uses a literature review methodology to analyze research on social factors influencing juvenile delinquency. It synthesizes and evaluates prior findings to understand the complex interplay between social factors and young individuals\' involvement in delinquent behaviors. The study analyzed 80 articles from reputable online databases, focusing on juvenile delinquency, offenders, crime, and social factors. Out of the 80 articles, 53 were cited, meeting inclusion criteria, including publication within 2000-2023, rigorous peer-review, and reputable database indexing.
RESULTS: As per the findings of the research, it has been observed that children who grow up in households that exhibit affection, hospitality, and encouragement are comparatively less susceptible to the manifestation of societal maladies. Children who have experienced parental abandonment are at heightened risk of developing delinquent behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of negative family dynamics and associations with delinquent peers are widely recognized as significant contributors to the development of drug abuse behavior. It is imperative for policymakers and preventive initiatives to have a comprehensive understanding of this complex relationship. Therefore, this literature review presented a distinct overview of the influence of social factors on juvenile offenders in India.

This study examined the relationship between the actual level of physical violence in sexual offenses and dark triad, empathic and impulsive personality traits of their perpetrators. Sixty-four male perpetrators of sexual offenses without any serious mental illness were included. A 5-point Likert-type coding system based on Violence Profile for Current Offense was applied to assess the severity of physical violence of each sexual offense. Personality traits of dark triad (psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism), trait empathy and impulsiveness were also evaluated. Multivariate analyses indicated that non-stranger victim, secondary psychopathy, narcissism and empathy could significantly predict greater involvement of physical violence in a sexual offense. In addition, empathy was negatively correlated with all dark triad traits. Sexual violence should be conceptualized in the form of a continuum, and, considering such an approach, offenders with high secondary psychopathy and narcissism may show preference for sexual assaults that are more violent in nature.

The majority of rural Appalachian women in jail meet criteria for a drug use disorder and need treatment. Using a latent profile analysis of a random sample of rural women in Appalachian jails (N=400), the current study established groups of women based on criminal history, drug use in the commission of crimes, and role of the partner\'s drug use in the commission of crimes. Analysis found five distinct profiles of rural women based on involvement of criminal activities as a function of drug use severity. Results suggest that among criminally involved rural women, severity of drug use is a critical factor in the criminal career. Findings can be used to better inform treatment approaches and tailor treatment to meet the needs of this vulnerable population.

Penal attitudes represent how people justify punishment assigned to offenders or what they perceive punishment\'s function to be. The purpose of this study is to adapt the Penal Attitudes Scale (PENAS) for use in Turkey in Turkish and to test the resultant psychometric properties of the translated scale. For adaptation, a translation/back-translation method was applied. Respondents (N = 389) voluntarily participated in this study and completed the PENAS, Moral Foundations Questionnaire and Perceptions Toward Criminals Scale. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the six-structure PENAS is reliable and valid in the Turkish sample. Finally, the penal attitudes scale demonstrated good construct validity, showing statistically significant correlations with moral foundations and perceptions about the morality and social networks of criminals. Ultimately, the PENAS is a reliable, valid and highly useful instrument for the Turkish population.

The current study aimed to advance our understanding of the factors that influence mental health diversion in Local Courts in New South Wales, Australia. Logistic regression was used to systematically identify the factors that are correlated with diversion in a cohort of individuals (N = 7283) diagnosed with psychosis. Those with a substance-induced psychotic disorder were less likely to be diverted than those with an affective psychosis or schizophrenia, after adjusting for age, gender, Indigenous status, offence seriousness, violence and criminal history. Unexpectedly, those with psychotic disorders committing violent or serious offences were more likely to be diverted than those committing non-violent, less serious offences. Legal representation should be provided to all individuals with serious mental illnesses facing criminal charges. The State-wide Community and Court Liaison Service should be expanded to more Local Courts. Further research is required into why Aboriginal defendants with a psychotic illness are less likely to be diverted.

Given the high rates of recidivism in adults, additional efforts in this area are warranted. In this paper, we provide a developmental perspective on self-defining memories, a specific type of autobiographical memory. We review the literature on self-defining memories in offenders and non-offenders high in psychopathic traits. Next, we present an empirically based conceptual framework regarding self-defining memories and recidivism, including a model of recidivism that integrates self-defining memories with identity, decision making, and behavioral processes related to recidivism. We then critique this model. We call for future research to test this model. Should results be fruitful, we discuss potential applications of this work.

Emotional processing is a cognitive function essential for the interaction of humans with their environment and the development of adaptive behaviors. Adolescent offenders (AOs) express difficulty in cognitive processes linked to emotional processing, which is a response consistently observed during the endogenous (i.e., controlled) control of attention. Less remains understood of the extent to which such atypical responses extend beyond controlled attention and influence exogenous mechanisms (i.e., automatic). This study explores this hypothesis using the recently devised emotional Flanker paradigm. It recruited a group of 39 male AOs and 39 nonoffenders from Barranquilla, Colombia. Assessment consists of an emotional Flanker paradigm administered along with traditional neurocognitive and social cognition tasks. The AOs displayed the well-known attentional bias to threat and a relatively atypical response to emotional targets in which they detected emotions, particularly negative ones, faster than did nonoffenders. Frontal lobe functions account for these effects but not sociodemographic variables nor general cognitive abilities. The results are interpreted in light of evidence suggesting that youngsters with high levels of antisocial behaviors (e.g., callous-unemotional traits) present an enhanced orientation toward distressing stimuli, which is explained by lifelong experiences (e.g., histories of abuse). The findings suggest that environmental influences seemingly exist in the development of these traits, but additional research is required to elucidate the role of cognitive and environmental factors in the development of antisocial behavior.

OBJECTIVE: In German forensic psychiatry detention under Sections 63 and 64 of the German Penal Code have been repeatedly reformed over the past years; however, despite the most recent amendments to the law on detention, clinics and state authorities warn of insufficient capacities and worrying conditions. Media reports paint a defiant picture. At the same time, there is a lack of valid data that would allow an objective description of the situation in forensic psychiatry. Against this background the management of institutions in Germany has been surveyed.
METHODS: The survey was conducted as an online survey and sent to all 78 forensic hospitals in Germany. The survey covered topics such as structural data of the facilities, the occupancy and staffing situation, incidents, support from supervisory authorities and funding agencies, and patient characteristics. The results are presented descriptively.
RESULTS: Of the 78 facilities contacted, 45 (approximately 60%) participated at least partially in the survey. Many of the clinics (68.5%) complained of significant overcrowding. A clear lack of staff and rooms was reported, at the same time it was stated that patients do not receive adequate treatment. Approximately 1 in 5 patients have a length of stay for more than 10 years and one third of the clinics reported an increasing number of physical assaults by patients.
CONCLUSIONS: This overview shows that the forensic psychiatric hospitals are in very different but generally strained situations. A significant number of clinics are under great pressure. Financial, structural, spatial and personnel resources were described as insufficient to properly and professionally fulfill the legal mandate. The treatment standards presented by the DGPPN in 2017 are not met in many clinics.
UNASSIGNED: HINTERGRUND UND FRAGESTELLUNG: Die Maßregeln nach den §§ 63 und 64 StGB wurden in der Vergangenheit wiederholt reformiert. Doch trotz der Novellierung des Rechts der Unterbringung (2016) mahnen Kliniken und Landesbehörden vor unzureichenden Kapazitäten und besorgniserregenden Zuständen. Die mediale Berichterstattung zeichnet ein herausforderndes Bild. Gleichzeitig mangelt es an validen Daten, die eine objektive Beschreibung der Situation im Maßregelvollzug (MRV) ermöglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden die Einrichtungsleitungen in Deutschland befragt.
METHODS: In dieser Onlineumfrage wurden 2021 alle 78 Einrichtungen des MRV in Deutschland zu Strukturdaten der Einrichtungen, zur Belegungs- und Personalsituation, zu besonderen Vorkommnissen, zur Unterstützung durch Fachaufsichten und Träger sowie zu besonderen Patientenmerkmalen befragt. Die Ergebnisse werden deskriptiv dargestellt.
UNASSIGNED: Von den 78 angeschriebenen Einrichtungen partizipierten 45 (58 %) an der Umfrage zumindest teilweise. Die Mehrzahl der Kliniken (68,5 %) beklagte eine deutliche Überbelegung. Es wurde ein deutlicher Mangel von Personal und Räumen berichtet, zugleich wurde angegeben, dass Patienten keine angemessene Behandlung erhalten. Etwa jeder 5. Patient war länger als 10 Jahre im MRV untergebracht. Jede 3. Klinik berichtete eine steigende Zahl an körperlichen Übergriffen durch Patienten.
CONCLUSIONS: Der gewonnene Überblick zeigt die Kliniken des MRV in einer sehr unterschiedlichen, doch insgesamt angespannten Situation. Eine wesentliche Zahl der Kliniken steht unter großem Druck. Finanzielle, strukturelle, räumliche und personelle Ressourcen wurden als unzureichend beschrieben, den gesetzlichen Auftrag sach- und fachgerecht zu erfüllen. Die 2017 von der DGPPN vorgelegten Behandlungsstandards sind in vielen Kliniken nicht erfüllt.