The aims of this research were to evaluate the current nutritional status, dietary intake, and level of physical activity and assess the need for intervention. This was a cross-sectional study with 2724 participating children aged 6-9 years old. Nutritional status was assessed using nutrimetry, dietary intake with a 3-day food-recall questionnaire and physical activity with an ad hoc questionnaire. The nutricode with the highest prevalence was healthy weight/normal stature, with 51.3% of the sample. For the BMI for age Z-score, those in the overweight/obesity category represented 37.5% of the sample, while the thinness category included 7.6%. Intake of calories, proteins, sugar, lipids, SFA, MUFA, and cholesterol were significantly higher than recommended. The thinness groups consumed a significantly higher amount of excess calories while the overweight/obesity groups had the lowest mean excess calorie intake. Children in the thinness category presented the highest rates at both ends of the spectrum for sedentary activities. This study showed the high prevalence of malnutrition in schoolchildren. The results for the risk of thinness and overweight/obesity according to individual nutrient intake should be carefully interpreted. Lifestyle is a fundamental aspect to consider when combating malnutrition, especially at the level of dietary and physical activity habits, to combine various methods of intervention to improve nutritional status.

Malnutrition is a growing public health problem leading to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Up to 50% of elderly patients are hospitalized due to this condition. In this review, we focused on analyzing the current diagnostic criteria for malnutrition among the elderly population and proposing promising solutions. Currently used diagnostic methods such as BMI or serum albumin levels are not sufficient to indicate malnutrition, which is affected by many factors, including the number of chronic diseases, multiple medications taken, or physical condition. Moreover, current recommendations are inadequate because they fail to account for various factors such as chronic illnesses, multiple medications, and bodily changes that are crucial in diagnostic evaluations. There is a noticeable gap between these recommendations and actual clinical practice. Nevertheless, developing more precise, non-invasive biomarkers and personalized nutrition strategies has to be explored. One of these strategies we discuss in our review is multidisciplinary approaches that combine nutrition, physical activity, and psychosocial support. Addressing malnutrition among the elderly should rely on standardized protocols and personalized interventions to enhance their nutritional health and overall well-being.

OBJECTIVE: Correctly characterizing malnutrition is a challenge. Transthyretin (TTR) rapidly responds to adequate protein intake/infusion, which could be used as a marker to identify malnutrition. Nutritional therapy is used to prevent malnutrition. Parenteral nutrition (PN) requires daily monitoring to determine whether what is being offered is adequate. This article aims to investigate whether the practice of measuring TTR is justified.
METHODS: Data from patients admitted to the ward or intensive care unit (ICU) were collected at three different times: within the first 72 h (T1) of PN use, on the 7th day (T2), and the 14th day (T3) after the initial assessment.
RESULTS: 302 patients were included; the average age was 48.3 years old; the prevalence of death was 22.2%, and 61.6% of the sample were male. TTR values and the effectiveness of nutritional support in these patients were not associated with the outcome; however, meeting caloric needs was related to the outcome (p = 0.047). No association was found when TTR values were compared to the nutritional status. Thus, TTR was not a good indicator of nutritional risk or nutritional status in hospitalized patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Undoubtedly, the TTR measurement was inversely proportional to CRP measurements. It was possible to conclude in this follow-up cohort of hospitalized patients that TTR values were not useful for determining whether the patient was malnourished, predicting death or effectiveness of nutritional support, yet based upon our analyses, a decrease in TTR greater than 0.024 units for every 1 unit increase in CRP might be due to ineffective nutritional supply.

UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the hypothesis that anthropometric dimensions derived from a person\'s manifold-regression predicted three-dimensional (3D) humanoid avatar are accurate when compared to their actual circumference, volume, and surface area measurements acquired with a ground-truth 3D optical imaging method. Avatars predicted using this approach, if accurate with respect to anthropometric dimensions, can serve multiple purposes including patient metabolic disease risk stratification in clinical settings.
UNASSIGNED: Manifold regression 3D avatar prediction equations were developed on a sample of 570 adults who completed 3D optical scans, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) evaluations. A new prospective sample of 84 adults had ground-truth measurements of 6 body circumferences, 7 volumes, and 7 surface areas with a 20-camera 3D reference scanner. 3D humanoid avatars were generated on these participants with manifold regression including age, weight, height, DXA %fat, and BIA impedances as potential predictor variables. Ground-truth and predicted avatar anthropometric dimensions were quantified with the same software.
UNASSIGNED: Following exploratory studies, one manifold prediction model was moved forward for presentation that included age, weight, height, and %fat as covariates. Predicted and ground-truth avatars had similar visual appearances; correlations between predicted and ground-truth anthropometric estimates were all high (R2s, 0.75-0.99; all p < 0.001) with non-significant mean differences except for arm circumferences (%D ~ 5%; p < 0.05). Concordance correlation coefficients ranged from 0.80-0.99 and small but significant bias (p < 0.05 - 0.01) was present with Bland-Altman plots in 13 of 20 total anthropometric measurements. The mean waist to hip circumference ratio predicted by manifold regression was non-significantly different from ground-truth scanner measurements.
UNASSIGNED: 3D avatars predicted from demographic, physical, and other accessible characteristics can produce body representations with accurate anthropometric dimensions without a 3D scanner. Combining manifold regression algorithms into established body composition methods such as DXA, BIA, and other accessible methods provides new research and clinical opportunities.

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BACKGROUND: Patients during radiotherapy due to head and neck cancers experience a lot of side effects which may have a considerable impact on the patients\' ability to meet individual daily energy demands by means of oral diet.
METHODS: The study included 104 head and neck cancer patients who qualified for radical radiotherapy. Radical treatment takes 6 weeks and every week the patients were assessed for dietary intake. The subjects were covered with the constant care of a dietician, received FSMP (food for special medical purposes), and, if necessary, enteral nutrition.
RESULTS: In the first week of treatment, the patients, from the kitchen diet alone, met 91.5% of the energy demand, while in the last week of treatment, only 40.9%. After introducing the FSMP or enteral nutrition, the patients met 120% of the demand in the first week of therapy and 95% in the last week, respectively. The patients who followed the dietary recommendations were characterized by significantly lower weight loss (3.07 kg) compared to non-adherent patients (5.56 kg).
CONCLUSIONS: The used therapy significantly contributed to decreasing nutritional intake in the subsequent weeks of treatment. On the other hand, incorporating FSMP in the diet and enteral nutrition with industrial diets significantly increased the fulfilled energy demand of patients.

UNASSIGNED: The School Feeding Programme if properly executed has the capacity to improve the nutritional status of the school children.
UNASSIGNED: To assess the nutritional status of school children in Ondo State Nigeria given that the National Home-Grown School Feeding Programme (NHGSFP) has been operational in the state for over five years.
UNASSIGNED: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 234 subjects from public schools and 227 subjects from private schools were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 8.23 ± 1.92 years. Wasting, overweight, obesity, underweight, and stunting were noted in 19.4%, 11.4%, 0.4%, 5.0%, and 20.7% of the children, respectively. The prevalence of stunting (30.3%) and wasting (23.9%) was more among subjects from the public schools. A significant association was found between Weight-for-Age Z-score, Height-for-Age Z-score, and BMI-for-Age Z-score and the children\'s school type (p < 0.005).
UNASSIGNED: Majority of the children showed normal growth, the rest were in both extremes of malnutrition, the subjects from private schools seem to present better nutritional status, although there is no baseline data to ratify this finding. A further study on this subject using the current finding as a baseline data is recommended.

Neurocritically ill patients frequently exhibit coma, gastroparesis, and intense catabolism, leading to an increased risk of malnutrition. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition was created to achieve a consistent malnutrition diagnosis across diverse populations. This study aimed to validate the concurrent and predictive validity of GLIM criteria in patients with neurocritical illnesses. A total of 135 participants were followed from admission to the neurocritical unit (NCU) until discharge. Comparing GLIM criteria to the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), sensitivity was 0.95 and specificity was 0.69. Predictive validity of GLIM criteria was assessed using a composite adverse clinical outcome, comprising mortality and various major complications. Adjusted hazard ratios for moderate and severe malnutrition were 2.86 (95% CI 1.45-5.67) and 3.88 (95% CI 1.51-9.94), respectively. Changes in indicators of nutritional status, including skeletal muscle mass and abdominal fat mass, within 7 days of admission were obtained for 61 participants to validate the predictive capability of the GLIM criteria for the patients\' response of standardized nutritional support. The GLIM criteria have a statistically significant predictive validity on changes in rectus femoris muscle thickness and midarm muscle circumference. In conclusion, the GLIM criteria demonstrate high sensitivity for diagnosing malnutrition in neurocritically ill patients and exhibit good predictive validity.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative malnutrition is a significant factor in patients with pancreatic tumors undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. The aim of this study was to assess the association between preoperative malnutrition and delayed discharge within a ten-day timeframe and potential correlations between preoperative malnutrition and postoperative surgical complications.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting a final sample of 79 patients with benign or malignant cephalic pancreatic tumors from 2015 to 2022. The risk of malnutrition was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, while length of hospital stay and relevant clinical data were extracted from clinical documentation.
RESULTS: The preoperative malnutrition risk was high in 21.52% of the sample, moderate in 36.71%, and low in 41.77%. Body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.007) and postoperative surgical complications (p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with delayed discharge. No statistically significant differences were found between levels of malnutrition risk and delayed discharge (p = 0.122), or postoperative surgical complications (p = 0.874).
CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative complications and BMI emerge as significant risk factors. The limited sample size may have compromised the collection of homogeneous and significant data. Future studies should evaluate the implementation of personalized nutritional screening tools, nutritional assessment plans, and the involvement of specialized health professionals.

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