UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to investigate whether the presence of mitoses in hyperchromatic crowded groups (HCGs) in cervical cytological specimens can serve as cytological criteria for high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HSILs).
UNASSIGNED: Various parameters were examined, including the frequency of mitotic figures per high power field (HPF) in Pap, hematoxylin eosin (HE) samples, and PHH3 immunocytochemical (ICC) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses.
UNASSIGNED: In the Pap and PHH3-ICC samples, the number of mitotic figures observed in HCGs was significantly higher in HSIL (P < 0.001) compared to other groups. Furthermore, the frequency of observing two or more mitoses was significantly higher in HSIL (Pap: P = 0.002, PHH3-ICC: P < 0.001) than in low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSILs). Moreover, a comparison between Pap samples and PHH3-ICC showed that the frequency of two or more mitoses was significantly higher in the PHH3-ICC analysis of HSIL (P = 0.042). Regarding HE and PHH3-IHC samples, counting the number of mitoses in the lower and middle/upper layers of the squamous epithelial layer revealed that HSIL had a significantly higher value (HE: P = 0.0089, PHH3-IHC: P = 0.0002) than LSIL in the middle/upper layers.
UNASSIGNED: Hence, the presence of two or more mitotic figures in HCGs per HPF in cervical cytology indicates a suspicion of HSIL. The detection of mitoses in PHH3-ICC samples is more sensitive and easier to observe than in Pap samples, making it a valuable mitotic marker.

Sinonasal non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is a rare but important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with recurrent, unexplained epistaxis. Low-grade types have a more favourable prognosis as opposed to the more aggressive high-grade. Symptoms include nasal obstruction and epistaxis that can last up to 5 years. We report a case of a rare low-grade sinonasal non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma in a 43-year-old male who is frequently exposed to wood and dust particles. Endoscopy revealed right nasal mass occupying the entire nasal cavity as well as inferior turbinate hypertrophy and mass attached to the nasal septum on computed tomography. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis and was classified as pT1NX with the presence of mitotic figures, which are more commonly present in the high-grade subtype.

暂无摘要。

Currently, canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) grading is based on histopathology. In humans, several studies have demonstrated concordance between cytologic grading systems for STS and histologic grade. The aim of this study was to correlate several cytologic parameters (smear cellularity, anisokaryosis, nucleolar malignancy score, multinucleation, and the number of mitotic figures per 200 cells) that form part of a human STS cytologic grading system, with histologic grades of canine cutaneous and subcutaneous STS. Three observers (blinded) reviewed the cytologic preparations independently from cases with confirmed histologic diagnoses of STS. A cytologic grading score was assigned for each parameter. Correlations between cytologic grading scores (averaged between observers) and histologic grades were assessed using Spearman\'s correlation coefficient, with statistical significance defined as P < .05. Twenty-one cases were included in the study (10 Grade I STS, nine Grade II STS, and two Grade III STS). The number of mitotic figures (≥3) per 200 cells was the only parameter that showed a significant but weak, positive correlation with histologic grade (rs  = .469; P = .032). No Grade I tumors had ≥3 mitotic figures per 200 cells; however, ≥3 mitotic figures per 200 cells were only observed in 33% of Grade II tumors and 50% (one out of two) of the Grade III tumors. This pilot study suggests that an increased number of mitotic figures seen on cytology might correlate with higher grade STS; however, the sensitivity of this parameter for grading STS appears to be low.

The exact process of the malignant conversion of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) to oral cancer is not fully understood. This study aimed to detect and analyze E-cadherin expression, p63 expression, and number of mitotic figures, all correlated to cancer development, in ApoTome images of oral tissues to determine the oncogenic potentiality of OSF. ApoTome images of the study groups (6 normal, 16 OSF with dysplasia, and 10 OSF without dysplasia) were recorded. Cytoplasmic and membranous E-cadherin expression, breakages of the cell membrane, and p63 expression were detected in MATLAB 2016b. The number of mitotic figures detected by MATLAB was correlated with the number of chromosomes detected by ImageJ. A Mann–Whitney U test was done to determine a significant difference between the study groups for cytoplasmic and membranous E-cadherin distribution points. Statistical significant differences were found for cytoplasmic E-cadherin distribution between normal and OSF (with dysplasia) (p = 0.0278). There was an increase in mitotic figures, p63 expression, and cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression and a decrease in membranous E-cadherin expression from normal to diseased condition. Hence, automated detection and quantification of E-cadherin, p63, and mitotic figures in ApoTome images of oral biopsies can help in determining the oncogenic potentiality of OSF.

Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO) is an exceedingly rare histological variant of conventional primary osteosarcoma. It constitutes about 1%-3% of all osteosarcomas, and is extremely uncommon in the maxillofacial region. The unusual histopathological appearance and the rarity of the lesion poses a great diagnostic challenge. This article aims to present a rare case of GCRO involving the mandible in a 52-year-old male patient.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mitotic activity in the different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia using 1% crystal violet stain.
METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Histopathology of the Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore on a total of thirty-three cases of the Oral Epithelial Dysplasia (OED). Fresh, frozen paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks were collected from Lahore General Hospital, Lahore & Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Nawaz Sharif Hospital, Yakki Gate, Lahore. The representative sections were taken and, after processing, mounted on glass slides and stained with H&E and crystal violet stains. The stained slides were then examined under an optical microscope. The efficacy of 1% crystal violet stain to identify mitotic figures in the different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia was assessed with the sample t-test. A difference of p < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
RESULTS: A comparison of the mitotic figure count in two categories in sections stained with both stains showed a statistically significant difference. An increase in the mean mitotic count was noted in the sections of OED stained with crystal violet in comparison to the sections of OED stained with H&E which was statistically significant (p = 0.00).
CONCLUSIONS: Counting of mitotic cell is the rapid and simplest way of evaluating the proliferative activity of cells. Crystal violet stain can be a rationalised step in the staining of mitotic figures compared to the usual H&E staining and can be employed as a selective stain during routine histopathological procedures.

Measures of mitotic activity predict behavior of noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, but it is unclear what role these should have in tumor grading. In this article, we compare measures of mitotic activity to contemporary tumor grading, specifically in their association with recurrence of noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma. The study uses a retrospective cohort of 199 tumors from 124 patients. Mitotic activity was treated as a categorical variable (mitotic-inert, mitotic-low, or mitotic-high). Evaluating only first-occurrence tumors, recurrence was more frequent in mitotic-high (hazard ratio [HR], 8.8; P < .0001, Cox model) and mitotic-low tumors (HR, 3.7; P = .017) compared with mitotic-inert tumors, when controlling for treatment with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin, age, and sex. Recurrence was likewise more frequent in high-grade tumors (HR, 3.1; P = .00019, Cox model) compared with low-grade tumors, controlling for these factors. However, mitotic group, but not tumor grade, was significantly associated with recurrence in a multivariate Cox model including mitotic group, tumor grade, and treatment status (HR, 6.5 [P = .0025] for mitotic-high versus reference; HR, 3.7 [P = .018] for mitotic-low versus reference). Frailty models including both first-occurrence and recurrent tumors showed similar results. Isolating the analysis to first occurrence, low-grade tumors, recurrence was more frequent in mitotic-high (HR, 6.8; P = .0044, Cox model) and mitotic-low (HR, 3.4; P = .027) tumors compared with mitotic-inert tumors. The findings indicate that mitotic activity is associated with behavior of noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma and may be valuable as an adjunct to the contemporary grading system.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that the agreement among pathologists in recognition of mitoses in breast slides is fairly modest.
OBJECTIVE: Determining the significantly different quantitative features among easily identifiable mitoses, challenging mitoses, and miscounted nonmitoses within breast slides and identifying which color spaces capture the difference among groups better than others.
METHODS: The dataset contained 453 mitoses and 265 miscounted objects in breast slides. The mitoses were grouped into three categories based on the confidence degree of three pathologists who annotated them. The mitoses annotated as \"probably a mitosis\" by the majority of pathologists were considered as the challenging category. The miscounted objects were recognized as a mitosis or probably a mitosis by only one of the pathologists. The mitoses were segmented using k-means clustering, followed by morphological operations. Morphological, intensity-based, and textural features were extracted from the segmented area and also the image patch of 63 × 63 pixels in different channels of eight color spaces. Holistic features describing the mitoses\' surrounding cells of each image were also extracted.
METHODS: The Kruskal-Wallis H-test followed by the Tukey-Kramer test was used to identify significantly different features.
RESULTS: The results indicated that challenging mitoses were smaller and rounder compared to other mitoses. Among different features, the Gabor textural features differed more than others between challenging mitoses and the easily identifiable ones. Sizes of the non-mitoses were similar to easily identifiable mitoses, but nonmitoses were rounder. The intensity-based features from chromatin channels were the most discriminative features between the easily identifiable mitoses and the miscounted objects.
CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative features can be used to describe the characteristics of challenging mitoses and miscounted nonmitotic objects.

BACKGROUND: Mitosis is a process of cell division resulting in two genetically equivalent daughter cells. Excessive proliferation of cells due to mitosis is the hallmark in pre cancer and cancer.
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to count the number of mitotic figures in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma in both Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Crystal Violet stained sections. Also the overall number of mitotic figures with both stains were compared along with the evaluation of staining efficacy of both the stains.
METHODS: The present study was conducted on 20 specimens each of the three categories. These were further divided into two groups for staining with H&E and with 1% Crystal Violet respectively. Images were captured and analyzed using image analysis software Dewinter Biowizard 4.1.
RESULTS: Comparison of mitotic figure count in three categories in sections stained with both stains showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The mean number of mitotic figures seen in Crystal Violet reagent were significantly higher as seen in H&E stain (p < 0.001). The overall diagnostic efficacy of Crystal Violet was 87.6%. Crystal Violet scored over H&E stain and also helped to better appreciate metaphases in Squamous cell carcinoma and telophases in dysplasia.
CONCLUSIONS: Number of mitotic figures progressively increase with the advancement of the pathology. Use of 1% Crystal Violet provides better appreciation of mitotic figures and can be employed as a selective stain in routine histopathology.