卵子中的母体负载因子在卵子发生过程中积累,对于获得卵母细胞和卵子发育能力以确保产生有活力的胚胎至关重要。然而,它们的分子性质和功能重要性仍然知之甚少。这里,我们提供了在斑马鱼正向遗传筛选中鉴定的9个隐性母体效应突变体的集合,这些突变体揭示了对控制脊椎动物卵母细胞到胚胎过渡的机制的独特分子见解。三个基因,在容易,p33bjta,水煮黑鱼子酱,发现可以控制卵黄球大小和卵母细胞成熟过程中蛋白质裂解的初始步骤,而这些步骤与核成熟无关。Krang,kazukuram,p28tabj,斑点基因在卵激活中起着不同的作用,包括皮质颗粒生物学,细胞质分离,微管组织中心组装和微管成核的调节,建立基本身体计划。此外,我们克隆了两个突变基因,鉴定过易基因为衔接子蛋白复合物5Ap5m1的亚基,这暗示它在调节细胞内运输和卵黄囊泡形成中。新的母体蛋白Krang/Kiaa0513,在后生动物中高度保守,被发现并与卵激活过程中皮质颗粒的功能有关。这些突变基因代表了新的遗传切入点,可以破译卵母细胞到胚胎过渡的分子机制。生育力,和人类疾病。此外,我们的遗传成人筛选不仅有助于该领域的现有知识,而且为未来的研究奠定了基础。因此,确定的母体基因代表了受精前协调和执行事件的关键参与者。
Maternally-loaded factors in the egg accumulate during oogenesis and are essential for the acquisition of oocyte and egg developmental competence to ensure the production of viable embryos. However, their molecular nature and functional importance remain poorly understood. Here, we present a collection of 9 recessive maternal-effect mutants identified in a zebrafish forward genetic screen that reveal unique molecular insights into the mechanisms controlling the vertebrate oocyte-to-embryo transition. Four genes, over easy, p33bjta, poached and black caviar, were found to control initial steps in yolk globule sizing and protein cleavage during oocyte maturation that act independently of nuclear maturation. The krang, kazukuram, p28tabj, and spotty genes play distinct roles in egg activation, including cortical granule biology, cytoplasmic segregation, the regulation of microtubule organizing center assembly and microtubule nucleation, and establishing the basic body plan. Furthermore, we cloned two of the mutant genes, identifying the over easy gene as a subunit of the Adaptor Protein complex 5, Ap5m1, which implicates it in regulating intracellular trafficking and yolk vesicle formation. The novel maternal protein Krang/Kiaa0513, highly conserved in metazoans, was discovered and linked to the function of cortical granules during egg activation. These mutant genes represent novel genetic entry points to decipher the molecular mechanisms functioning in the oocyte-to-embryo transition, fertility, and human disease. Additionally, our genetic adult screen not only contributes to the existing knowledge in the field but also sets the basis for future investigations. Thus, the identified maternal genes represent key players in the coordination and execution of events prior to fertilization.