淡水生态系统中有害藻华(HAB)的增加对全球水环境产生不利影响。浮游动物在控制HABs中的作用受到污染物暴露的阻碍,有必要研究综合压力源的生态影响。水蚤的反应,一种淡水基石物种,对环境压力的影响可能会受到其母体影响的影响。这里,我们调查了世界上广泛使用的杀虫剂多异氰酸酯和无毒的HABs物种铜绿微囊藻对不同母体食物条件下产生的D.pulex后代的生活史特征的综合影响。建立了四个产妇组,每组接受不同比例的普通梭菌(Ch)和铜绿假单胞菌(Ma)的特定混合物:A(100%Ch),B(90%Ch+10%Ma),C(80%Ch+20%Ma),和D(70%CH+30%Ma)。收集了第三窝的后代,进行了为期21天的实验,涉及各种喂养组(AA,AD,BA,BB,CA,CC,DA,和DD)。结果表明,D.pulex对铜绿分枝杆菌的放牧会对其后代产生母体影响,连续暴露组对铜绿分枝杆菌的耐受性增强。这项研究还揭示了spinetoram可以干扰D.pulex的蜕皮,导致发育迟缓。回收小组表现出一个有趣的现象:在两种浓度的农药多异氰酸酯(0.18,0.35μgL-1)的影响下,D.pulex产生了更多的后代。这可能是由于针对低质量食物分配更多能量用于繁殖的组合策略以及低浓度的多叶菊素的潜在刺激效应。评估多代组合压力源的相互作用,包括有害藻华(HAB)和环境污染物,对于预测人口对不断变化的环境条件的反应至关重要。这种理解对于水生环境和生态系统的保护和管理至关重要。
The increasing occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater ecosystems detrimentally affect global water environments. Zooplankton\'s role in controlling HABs is hindered by contaminant exposure, necessitating research into combined stressors\' ecological impacts. The response of Daphnia, a freshwater keystone species, to environmental stressors can be influenced by its maternal effects. Here, we investigated the combined effects of the world-widely used insecticide spinetoram and non-toxic HABs species Microcystis aeruginosa on the life-history traits of D. pulex offspring produced from different maternal food conditions. Four maternal groups were established, with each group receiving a specific blend of C. vulgaris (Ch) and M. aeruginosa (Ma) in varying proportions: A (100% Ch), B (90% Ch + 10% Ma), C (80% Ch + 20% Ma), and D (70% Ch + 30% Ma). The offspring from the third brood were gathered, and a 21-day experiment was carried out, involving various feeding groups (AA, AD, BA, BB, CA, CC, DA, and DD). Results demonstrated that grazing on M. aeruginosa by D. pulex induced maternal effects on their offspring, with the continuous exposure group showing an enhanced tolerance to M. aeruginosa. This study also unveiled that spinetoram could interfere with the molting of D. pulex, leading to developmental retardation. The Recovery Group exhibited an intriguing phenomenon: under the influence of both concentrations of the pesticide spinetoram (0.18, 0.35 μg L-1), D. pulex produced more offspring. This might be due to a combined strategy of allocating more energy towards reproduction in response to low-quality food and a potential hormetic effect from low concentrations of spinetoram. Assessing the interplay of combined stressors across multiple generations, encompassing harmful algal blooms (HABs) and environmental pollutants, is essential for predicting population responses to evolving environmental conditions. This understanding is vital for the protection and management of aquatic environments and ecosystems.