微囊藻毒素(MC)是由蓝细菌产生的毒素,通常存在于有害藻华(HAB)中。由于它们对人类和其他生物的毒性,世界卫生组织(WHO)制定了饮用水中微囊藻毒素-亮氨酸-精氨酸(MC-LR)1μgL-1的指南。然而,目前用于检测MC-LR的分析技术,如液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)和ELISA,笨重,耗时,主要在实验室进行,需要训练有素的人员。可用于该领域的快速测定的分析方法是必不可少的。在这项研究中,新开发了一种抗MC-LR/MC-LR/半胱胺涂层丝网印刷碳电极(SPCE)生物传感器,用于检测MC-LR,生物电化学,在水中。用表面表征方法证实了电极表面的功能化。通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)评估传感器性能,获得MC-LR浓度的线性工作范围为0.1至100μgL-1,检出限(LOD)为0.69ngL-1。使用开发的生物传感器收集和分析经历HAB的天然水样,证明了生物传感器的优异性能,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.65%。干扰测试表明,与其他常见MC和水中可能共存的离子相比,误差和RSD值最小。生物传感器显示出可接受的功能,保质期长达12周。总的来说,抗MC-LR/MC-LR/半胱胺/SPCE生物传感器可以是一种创新的解决方案,具有允许原位,低成本,和易于使用的功能,对于开发总体和集成的“智能”环境管理系统至关重要。
Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced by cyanobacteria commonly found in harmful algal blooms (HABs). Due to their toxicity to humans and other organisms, the World Health Organization (WHO) sets a guideline of 1 μg L-1 for microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) in drinking water. However, current analytical techniques for the detection of MC-LR such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and ELISA are costly, bulky, time-consuming, and mostly conducted in a laboratory, requiring highly trained personnel. An analytical method that can be used in the field for rapid determination is essential. In this study, an anti-MC-LR/MC-LR/cysteamine-coated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) biosensor was newly developed to detect MC-LR, bioelectrochemically, in water. The functionalization of the electrode surface was confirmed with surface characterization methods. The sensor performance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), obtaining a linear working range of MC-LR concentrations between 0.1 and 100 μg L-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.69 ng L-1. Natural water samples experiencing HABs were collected and analyzed using the developed biosensor, demonstrating the excellent performance of the biosensor with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.65%. The interference tests showed minimal error and RSD values against other common MCs and possible coexisting ions found in water. The biosensor showed acceptable functionality with a shelf life of up to 12 weeks. Overall, the anti-MC-LR/MC-LR/cysteamine/SPCE biosensors can be an innovative solution with characteristics that allow for in situ, low-cost, and easy-to-use capabilities which are essential for developing an overarching and integrated \"smart\" environmental management system.