植物大麻素,从大麻植物中提取的一组不同的天然化合物,由于其潜在的药理作用和医学用途而引起了人们的兴趣。这篇全面的综述介绍了植物大麻素的复杂药理学概况,同时探索了这些物质对生物系统的各种影响。到目前为止,在大麻植物中发现的一百多种大麻素,大麻二酚(CBD)和四氢大麻酚(THC)是两种研究最广泛的植物大麻素。CBD是一种非精神活性化合物,表现出潜在的抗炎作用,神经保护,和抗焦虑的特性,使其成为各种医疗条件的有希望的候选人。THC,以其精神作用而闻名,具有镇痛和止吐特性,有助于其治疗潜力。除了THC和CBD,广泛的额外的植物大麻素已显示出有趣的药理作用,包括大麻色素(CBC),大麻酚(CBG),和大麻酚(CBN)。内源性大麻素系统,由参与内源性大麻素生产和分解的酶组成,大麻素受体(CB1和CB2),和内源性配体(内源性大麻素),对于在几个生理过程中保持体内平衡至关重要。除了它们对内源性大麻素系统的影响,研究了植物大麻素修饰离子通道的能力,神经递质受体,和抗氧化途径。植物大麻素与生物系统之间的复杂相互作用为新的治疗方法提供了希望,并为基于大麻素的医学领域的进一步发展奠定了基础。这篇综述总结了该领域的状况,指出信息差距,并强调需要更多的研究来充分实现植物大麻素的治疗潜力。
Phytocannabinoids, a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds extracted from the Cannabis plant, have attracted interest due to their potential pharmacological effects and medicinal uses. This comprehensive review presents the intricate pharmacological profiles of phytocannabinoids while exploring the diverse impacts these substances have on biological systems. From the more than one hundred cannabinoids which were identified in the Cannabis plant so far, cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are two of the most extensively studied phytocannabinoids. CBD is a non-psychoactive compound, which exhibits potential anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic properties, making it a promising candidate for a wide array of medical conditions. THC, known for its psychoactive effects, possesses analgesic and antiemetic properties, contributing to its therapeutic potential. In addition to THC and CBD, a wide range of additional phytocannabinoids have shown intriguing pharmacological effects, including cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBN). The endocannabinoid system, made up of the enzymes involved in the production and breakdown of endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), and endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids), is essential for preserving homeostasis in several physiological processes. Beyond their effects on the endocannabinoid system, phytocannabinoids are studied for their ability to modify ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and anti-oxidative pathways. The complex interaction between phytocannabinoids and biological systems offers hope for novel treatment approaches and lays the groundwork for further developments in the field of cannabinoid-based medicine. This review summarizes the state of the field, points out information gaps, and emphasizes the need for more studies to fully realize the therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids.