南海一号1号沉船是南宋时期的古代木船。目前,船体木材存在微生物疾病的严峻挑战。本研究旨在于2021年12月从船体中获取微生物样本,并通过扫描电子显微镜和高通量测序分析微生物疾病,以保存南海一号。1次海难。通过全基因组测序,检测不同条件下患病微生物的酶活性和基因表达水平,探索患病微生物的生物降解机理。结果表明,船体木材表面有明显的真菌定植,枯萎病菌NK-NH1为表面优势病菌。NK-NH1具有较强的纤维素和木质素降解能力。其全基因组大小为52,389,955bp,它包含17,402个基因。它具有多种参与纤维素和木质素降解的关键酶基因。NK-NH1优势降解酶木质素过氧化物酶在pH=4、NaCl浓度30%、和FeSO4浓度为50mg/L,漆酶在pH=4,NaCl浓度为10%时具有最高的酶活性,和FeSO4浓度为100mg/L以上研究结果证明NK-NH1是船体木材暴露于空气中时生物降解的关键真菌,低pH值,高盐,富含硫铁化合物。该研究为南海一号的保存提供了理论依据。1次海难。
The Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck is an ancient wooden ship in the Southern Song Dynasty. Currently, serious challenges of microbial diseases exist on the hull wood. This study aimed to obtain microbial samples from the ship hull in December 2021 and analyze the microbial diseases through scanning electron microscopy and high-throughput sequencing to preserve the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck. The biodegradation mechanism of diseased microorganisms was explored through whole genome sequencing and the detection of enzyme activity and gene expression levels of diseased microorganisms under different conditions. The results showed that there was obvious fungal colonization on the surface of the hull wood and Fusarium solani NK-NH1 was the dominant disease fungus on the surface. NK-NH1 has strong cellulose and lignin degradation ability. Its whole genome size is 52,389,955 bp, and it contains 17,402 genes. It has a variety of key enzyme genes involved in cellulose and lignin degradation. The NK-NH1 dominant degrading enzyme lignin peroxidase has the highest enzyme activity at pH = 4, NaCl concentration of 30%, and FeSO4 concentration of 50 mg/L, while laccase has the highest enzyme activity at pH = 4, NaCl concentration of 10%, and FeSO4 concentration of 100 mg/L. The above research results prove that NK-NH1 is a key fungus to the biodegradation of ship hull wood when it is exposed to air, low pH, high salt, and rich in sulfur iron compounds. This study provides a theoretical basis for the preservation of the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck.