这项研究的目的是评估用于修复受污染的土壤和废水生态系统的不同技术的有效性,以确保番茄果实的安全(SolanumlycopersicumL.var。cerasiforme)在这些环境中种植。三种生化技术T1-T3,除了两个对照CCU和CCT,被用来用磷矿修复受污染的土壤生态系统,元素硫,膨润土,溶解磷酸盐的细菌,和硫杆菌。污染的农业排水通过下流悬挂海绵(DHS)系统进行修复。进行了两个实验:在开罗国家研究中心(埃及)的温室中进行了盆栽实验,并在El-Rahawy村的盆地现场进行了现场实验,应用从温室实验中确定的最佳处理。通过计算估计的每日摄入量(EDI)和目标风险商(THQ)值来对收获的番茄果实中的潜在有毒元素(PTE)进行健康风险评估。温室实验的结果表明,DHS技术在修复El-Rahawy农业排水方面具有很高的效率。修复后PTE含量显著降低100%,93.3%,97.8,镉为77.8%,铜,锰,还有锌,分别。在采用的复垦土壤生态系统中应用处理后的排水导致PTE水平显着下降,特别是在T3处理下;降低达到89.4%,89.5%,镍占78.4%,铜,还有锌,分别。生物修复技术还降低了从温室和田间试验收获的番茄果实中的PTEs含量;镉含量,例如,在所有治疗中都低于检测限。在温室实验中应用的T3处理导致在温室中生长的番茄果实中使用的PTEs中的最高百分比下降。在现场实验中也达到了相同的趋势。番茄果实的微生物学分析表明,大肠杆菌,沙门氏菌,或金黄色葡萄球菌细菌在从温室或田间试验收获的番茄果实上鉴定,结果表明,与温室实验相比,田间实验下的细菌总数更高。在所有处理下,所有测试金属的健康风险评估参数THQ均低于1.0。这意味着预期食用在不同使用的修复处理下生产的番茄产品没有潜在的健康风险。总之,采用的生物修复技术成功地降低了土壤和排水生态系统以及收获的番茄果实中的PTE含量和微生物负荷。从今以后,预计消费该产品不会带来健康风险。
The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of different techniques employed in remediating contaminated soil and wastewater ecosystems to ensure the safety of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) cultivated in these environments. Three biochemical techniques T1-T3, besides two controls CCU and CCT, were used to remediate contaminated soil ecosystems using rock phosphate, elemental sulfur, bentonite, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and Thiobacillus sp. The contaminated agricultural drainage water was remediated by a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) system. Two experiments were conducted: a pot experiment took place in the greenhouse at the National Research Center of Cairo (Egypt) and a field experiment was carried out at the basin site in the village of El-Rahawy, applying the optimal treatment(s) identified from the greenhouse experiment. The health risk assessment for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the harvested tomato fruits was conducted by calculating estimated daily intake (EDI) and target risk quotient (THQ) values. Results from the greenhouse experiment indicated the high effectiveness of the DHS technique in remediating El-Rahawy agricultural drainage water. The content of PTEs after remediation was significantly reduced by 100%, 93.3%, 97.8, and 77.8% for cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc, respectively. The application of treated drainage water in employed reclaimed soil ecosystems led to a remarkable decrease in PTE levels, especially under T3 treatment; the reduction reached 89.4%, 89.5%, and 78.4% for nickel, copper, and zinc, respectively. The bioremediation technique also reduced the content of PTEs in tomato fruits harvested from both greenhouse and field experiments; the cadmium content, for example, was below detection limits in all treatments. The T3 treatment applied in the greenhouse experiment caused the highest percentage decrease among the employed PTEs in tomato fruits grown in the greenhouse. The same trend was also reached in the field experiment. Microbiological analyses of tomato fruits revealed that E. coli, Salmonella, or S. aureus bacteria were identified on tomato fruits harvested from either greenhouses or field experiments, showing that the counted total bacteria were higher under the field experiment compared to the greenhouse experiment. The health risk assessment parameter THQ was below 1.0 for all tested metals under all treatments. This means that no potential health risk is expected from consuming tomato products produced under the different employed remediation treatments. In conclusion, the employed bioremediation techniques successfully reduced the PTE content and microbial load in both soil and drainage water ecosystems and in harvested tomato fruits. Henceforth, no health risks are expected from the consumption of this product.