In the 21st century, melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers have become an epidemic outbreak worldwide. Therefore, the exploration of all potential preventative and therapeutic measures based on either physical or bio-chemical mechanisms is essential via understanding precise pathophysiological pathways (Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Pathway, and Notch signaling pathway) and other aspects of such skin malignancies. Nano-gel, a three-dimensional polymeric cross-linked porous hydrogel having a diameter of 20-200 nm, possesses dual properties of both hydrogel and nanoparticle. The capacity of high drug entrapment efficiency with greater thermodynamic stability, remarkable solubilization potential, and swelling behavior of nano-gel becomes a promising candidate as a targeted drug delivery system in the treatment of skin cancer. Nano-gel can be either synthetically or architectonically modified for responding to either internal or external stimuli, including radiation, ultrasound, enzyme, magnetic, pH, temperature, and oxidation-reduction to achieve controlled release of pharmaceuticals and several bio-active molecules such as proteins, peptides, genes via amplifying drug aggregation in the active targeted tissue and reducing adverse pharmacological effects. Several drugs, such as anti-neoplastic biomolecules having short biological half-lives and prompt enzyme degradability capacity, must be appropriate for administration employing either chemically bridged or physically constructed nano-gel frameworks. The comprehensive review summarizes the advancement in the preparation and characterization methods of targeted nano-gel with enhanced pharmacological potential and preserved intracellular safety limits for the mitigation of skin malignancies with a special emphasize on skin cancer inducing pathophysiological pathways and prospective research opportunities for skin malignancy targeted nano-gels.

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is the most frequent vulvar neoplasia, with invasiveness and metastasis. Typically, surgery is the preferred treatment. Radiotherapy is commonly used for unresectable locally advanced tumors and for early-stage patients who are at risk of serious complications from surgery or have a severe concomitant disease that prevents them from undergoing surgery. Compared to external irradiation, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), various studies using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) alone in early-stage VSCC have been reported rarely. In this case, the patient had a large skin lesion and no lymph node metastasis. Surgical excision would seriously affect the urinary function and vulvar shape, so radical radiotherapy was given. To ensure the radiation dose for the radical treatment effect and to avoid high-dose radiation to normal organs, the volumetric intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique was chosen. After treatment, the patient\'s vulvar appearance returned to normal, and the tumor achieved complete remission without further surgery or chemotherapy, with no local recurrence or associated toxic side effects. This suggests that the efficacy of VMAT alone in early-stage VSCC is accurate and worthy of clinical promotion. The patient had been engaged in copper smelting and purification for many years, and it is unusual for her to have skin lesions with such a large surface area. In conjunction with her previous history of nasal basal cell carcinoma, the mechanism of oxidative stress during metal exposure should be further clinically examined, as it may be crucial in the formation and progression of malignancies.

Melanoma constitutes one of the most sinister and troublesome malignancies encountered by humanity. Generally, the diagnosis of advanced melanoma connotes a grave prognosis, prompting a sense of looming threat of death, however, the early-stage detected disease responds well to robust treatment resulting in reasonable survivorship. Scalp melanomas are even more troublesome, because they typically exhibit more aggressive biologic behavior and are often diagnosed at a late stage. This review tries to comprehensively highlight the various diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome aspects of scalp melanomas. The literature research includes peer-reviewed articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till May 2020 and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles published in English language were included.

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